A brief, longitudinally delivered, developmentally based motivational intervention for young adults did not produce reductions in binge alcohol, marijuana use or dual use days relative to a control condition.
It is generally observed that triple negative breast cancer patients do not get benefited from endocrine targeted therapies. However, by a thorough Systematic review and critical analysis of the literature it could be depicted that a subset with Androgen Receptor expression could respond to anti-androgen therapies up to some extent. Presented here is a 65-years-old Postmenopausal female with a 5-year history of Carcinoma Right Breast (postoperative Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy) with bone and lung metastases, advanced, Grade III tumor diagnosed as Metastatic Adenocarcinoma on histology. This case had been presented to identify the role of Androgen Receptors in inhibiting and suppressing the tumor growth in breast oncology and to conclude that traditional Anti-Androgen therapy, that is, Bicalutamide could be considered as a differential diagnosis of Triple negative breast cancer metastatic tumors. Therefore, the present article represents some deeper insights regarding Androgen, Androgen-Receptor, Anti-Androgen drug-Bicalutamide and their role of action in the post-menopausal Triple Negative Breast cancer women with positive expression of Androgen Receptor.
Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are among the populations most underserved by health care systems. Following shifts toward deinstitutionalization during the past several decades, community-based services have largely assumed care for this population, which tends to experience high rates of medical and psychiatric morbidity. Providers frequently feel inadequately trained in providing care to these patients, and the system as a whole struggles to adequately meet their often complex needs. Nevertheless, working with those with intellectual or developmental disabilities can be highly rewarding for providers. There is great potential to offer a meaningful impact and improve the quality of life for these patients and their families and support systems with careful assessment and intervention. This chapter offers insights to the community psychiatrist working with patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Common obstacles in assessment, diagnosis, and management of mental illness and challenging behaviors in this population are discussed. Case examples exemplifying the complexities of these individuals are included.
Substance use disorders are a major source of morbidity and mortality, contributing to a significant proportion of deaths in the United States and worldwide each year. A substantial rise in deaths related to drug overdoses in recent decades has drawn increasing public attention to this issue. However, the majority of individuals struggling with substance use disorders remain untreated. The financial costs and health burden are substantial. This review provides a broad overview of substance-related and addictive disorders. The evolution of the classification system is described, and the diagnostic criteria for the various substance use disorders are reviewed. Epidemiology and etiologic considerations, including neurobiological pathways, genetics, environmental influences, and dimensional risk factors, are examined. Finally, individual substances and their related disorders are reviewed, including alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedative/hypnotics, stimulants, tobacco, and other or unknown substances. Intoxication and withdrawal syndromes are described where applicable, and clinical management concepts are discussed. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables, and 71 references. Key words: abuse, addiction, alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, dependence, diagnosis, DSM-5, epidemiology, hallucinogen, hypnotic, inhalant, intoxication, methamphetamine, nicotine, opioid, sedative, stimulant, substance use disorders, tobacco, tolerance, withdrawal
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