Childhood cancer is increasing in prevalence whilst survival rates are improving. The prevalence of adult survivors of childhood cancer is consequently increasing. Many survivors suffer long-term consequences of their cancer treatment. Whilst many of these are well documented, relatively little is known about the mental health of survivors of childhood cancer. This article aimed to describe the prevalence and spectrum of mental health problems found in adult survivors of childhood cancer using a systematic review methodology. Our review included 67 articles, describing a number of problems, including depression, anxiety, behavioural problems and drug misuse. Factors increasing the likelihood of mental health problems included treatment with high-dose anthracyclines, cranial irradiation, diagnoses of sarcoma or central nervous system tumours and ongoing physical ill health. There were numerous limitations to the studies we found, including use of siblings of survivors as a control group, self-report methodology and lack of indications for prescriptions when prescribing data were used. This review has identified many mental health problems experienced by survivors of childhood cancer; however, the exact incidence, prevalence and risk-factors for their development remain unclear. Further work to identify childhood cancer patients who are at risk of developing late mental health morbidity is essential.
Aims We report on the incidence of cutaneous eyelid tumours in Ireland over the 11-year-period from 2005 to 2015, we identify associations between demographic factors and cutaneous eyelid tumour risk. Methods Skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma, and other cancers, located on the eyelid or canthus according to ICD-10 coding, as registered by the National Cancer Registry of Ireland (NCRI), were captured from the period 2005 to 2015. Age standardised rates (ASR) were calculated according to the European Standard Population (2013). Longitudinal data analysis using linear regression, and associations with age and sex were evaluated with the statistics program R. Results There were 4824 patients diagnosed with eyelid BCC during the study period, the ASR in men and women was mean 15.87 and 13.49 per 100,00, respectively. The relative risk for eyelid BCC in men compared with women was 1.18, age was associated with incidence. There were 528 patients diagnosed with SCC; the ASR of eyelid SCC in men and women was 2.10 and 1.39 per 100,000, respectively, and increased in women annually (β = 0.07, p = 0.0005). The relative risk for eyelid SCC in men compared with women was 1.51, and age was exponentially associated with SCC. Melanoma and other eyelid tumours were uncommon-50 and 55 cases, respectively. Conclusion Incidence of both BCC and SCC increases with age and male sex. The incidence of eyelid SCC is increasing in women, and under age 50, eyelid BCC is more common in women than men. Synopsis We describe the recent incidence of eyelid cancers in Ireland, from National Cancer Registry Data. We find eyelid BCC, and also SCC, are associated with increased age. Rate of eyelid SCC is increasing in women.
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