Unlocking the full potential of rechargeable magnesium batteries has been partially hindered by the reliance on chloride-based complex systems. Despite the high anodic stability of these electrolytes, they are corrosive toward metallic battery components, which reduce their practical electrochemical window. Following on our new design concept involving boron cluster anions, monocarborane CB11H12(-) produced the first halogen-free, simple-type Mg salt that is compatible with Mg metal and displays an oxidative stability surpassing that of ether solvents. Owing to its inertness and non-corrosive nature, the Mg(CB11H12)2/tetraglyme (MMC/G4) electrolyte system permits standardized methods of high-voltage cathode testing that uses a typical coin cell. This achievement is a turning point in the research and development of Mg electrolytes that has deep implications on realizing practical rechargeable Mg batteries.

Unlocking the full potential of rechargeable magnesium batteries has been partially hindered by the reliance on chloride-based complex systems.D espite the high anodic stability of these electrolytes,they are corrosive towardmetallic battery components,which reduce their practical electrochemical window. Following on our new design concept involving boron cluster anions,m onocarborane CB 11 H 12 À produced the first halogen-free,s imple-type Mg salt that is compatible with Mg metal and displays an oxidative stability surpassing that of ether solvents.Owing to its inertness and non-corrosive nature, the Mg(CB 11 H 12 ) 2 /tetraglyme (MMC/G4) electrolyte system permits standardized methods of high-voltage cathode testing that uses atypical coin cell. This achievement is aturning point in the researcha nd development of Mg electrolytes that has deep implications on realizing practical rechargeable Mg batteries.Currently,the prospect of attaining energy densities beyond those offered by current lithium-ion batteries is driving interest in rechargeable magnesium batteries.M gm etal offers high volumetric capacity (3833 mAh cm À3 vs. 2036 mAh cm À3 for Li metal) while being non-dendritic and abundant in the earth crust (fifth most abundant element). [1] Since Aurbach et al. demonstrated the first and only rechargeable Mg battery prototype,c hallenges toward realizing Mg batteries still remain. [2] These stem from the absence of practical electrolytes and high capacity/high voltage cathodes. Fori nstance,t he field demands electrolytes capable of operating at high voltages whilst being compatible with Mg metal and all other battery components. [3]

While many uniaxial tension experiments of shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been published in the literature, relatively few experimental studies address their behavior in compression or bending, despite the prevalence of this latter deformation mode in applications. In this study, superelastic NiTi tubes from a single lot of material were characterized in tension, compression, and pure bending, which allowed us to make direct comparisons between the deformation modes for the first time. Custom built fixtures were used to overcome some long-standing experimental difficulties with performing well-controlled loading and accurate measurements during uniaxial compression (avoiding buckling) and large-rotation bending. In all experiments, the isothermal, global, mechanical responses were measured, and stereo digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure the evolution of the strain fields on the tube's outer surface.As is characteristic of textured NiTi, our tubes exhibited significant tension-compression asymmetry in their uniaxial responses. Stress-induced transformations in tension exhibited flat force plateaus accompanied by strain localization and propagation. No such localization, however, was observed in compression, and the stress "plateaus" during compression always maintained a positive tangent modulus. While our uniaxial results are similar to the observations of previous researchers, the DIC strain measurements provided details of localized strain behavior with more clarity and allowed more quantitative measurements to be made. Consistent with the tension-compression asymmetry, our bending experiments showed a significant shift of the neutral axis towards the compression side. Furthermore, the tube exhibited strain localization on the tension side, but no localization on the compression side during bending. This is a new observation that has not been explored before. Detailed analysis of the strain distribution across the tube diameter revealed that the traditional assumption of elementary beam theory, that plane sections remain plane, does not hold. Yet when the strain was averaged over a few diameters of axial length, the tensile and compressive responses input into elementary beam theory predicted the global bending response with reasonable accuracy. While it is encouraging that a simple model could predict the moment-curvature response, we recommend that beam theory be used with caution. The averaged strain field can under/over predict local strains by as much as two-fold due to the localized deformation morphology.

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Using Al(OPh)3 rather than the typical AlCl3 with Grignard reagents affords a Mg-ion electrolyte with a reduced chloride content to enhance the stability on stainless steel.