Background Frailty is a common condition present in older Emergency Department (ED) patients that is associated with poor health outcomes. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a tool that measures frailty on a scale from 1 (very fit) to 9 (terminally ill). The goal of this scoping review was to describe current use of the CFS in emergency medicine and to identify gaps in research. Methods We performed a systemic literature search to identify original research that used the CFS in emergency medicine. Several databases were searched from January 2005 to July 2021. Two independent reviewers completed screening, full text review and data abstraction, with a focus on study characteristics, CFS assessment (evaluators, timing and purpose), study outcomes and statistical methods. Results A total of 4818 unique citations were identified; 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Among them, 76% were published after 2018, mainly in Europe or North America (79%). Only two assessed CFS in the pre-hospital setting. The nine-point scale was used in 74% of the studies, and patient consent was required in 69% of them. The main reason to use CFS was as a main exposure (44%), a potential predictor (15%) or an outcome (15%). The most frequently studied outcomes were mortality and hospital admission. Conclusion The use of CFS in emergency medicine research is drastically increasing. However, the reporting is not optimal and should be more standardized. Studies evaluating the impact of frailty assessment in the ED are needed. Registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/W2F8N
Introduction: Mobility is one of the most important contributors to healthy aging and is traditionally measured through performance-based tests. Measuring life-space mobility is a holistic way to measure the spaces individuals visited over a period of time versus what they are physically able to do. However, before a measure of life-space mobility can be widely used in research and clinical settings, it must have robust psychometric properties. The objective of this review is to summarize the psychometric properties of existing life-space mobility measures in community-dwelling older adults. Inclusion criteria: The construct is life-space mobility and the instruments are: The Nursing Home Life Space Diameter, the Life-Space Questionnaire, and the Life-Space Assessment. The population is community-dwelling older adults (age > 65). The outcome of the review includes all psychometric properties (reliability, validity, responsiveness) as well as feasibility and interpretability data. Methods: Following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and JBI guidelines, a search strategy will be piloted and then translated to multiple databases. Two independent reviewers will conduct title/abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, and assess the methodological quality of the studies. A narrative synthesis will be compiled for all collected data. A meta-analysis will be conducted for each psychometric property if there are enough studies with sufficiently low heterogeneity. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42019121855
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