The objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial adhesion under different wall shear stresses in turbulent flow and using a diverse bacterial consortium. A better understanding of the mechanisms governing microbial adhesion can be useful in diverse domains such as industrial processes, medical fields or environmental biotechnologies. The impact of wall shear stress—four values ranging from 0.09 to 7.3 Pa on polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)—was carried out in rotating annular reactors to evaluate the adhesion in terms of morphological and microbiological structures. A diverse inoculum consisting of activated sludge was used. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the adhesion. Attached bacterial communities were assessed by molecular fingerprinting profiles (CE-SSCP). It has been demonstrated that wall shear stress had a strong impact on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the bacterial adhesion. ANOVA tests also demonstrated the significant impact of wall shear stress on all three tested morphological parameters (surface coverage, number of objects and size of objects) (p-values < 2.10−16). High wall shear stresses increased the quantity of attached bacteria but also altered their spatial distribution on the substratum surface. As the shear increased, aggregates or clusters appeared and their size grew when increasing the shears. Concerning the microbiological composition, the adhered bacterial communities changed gradually with the applied shear.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) widely available in public places. This may warrant determining whether cases of unintentional ocular exposure are increasing, especially in children.OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiologic trend of pediatric eye exposures to ABHS and to report the severity of the ocular lesions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSRetrospective case series conducted from April 1, 2020, to August 24, 2020. Cases were retrieved from the national database of the French Poison Control Centers (PCC) and from a pediatric ophthalmology referral hospital in Paris, France. Cases of ocular exposure to chemical agents in children younger than 18 years during the study period were reviewed. Cases of ABHS exposure were included.EXPOSURES The following data were collected: age, sex, circumstances of exposure, symptoms, size of the epithelial defect at first examination, time between the incident and re-epithelialization, and medical and/or surgical management. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESComparison of the number of eye exposures to ABHS in children between April to August 2020 and April to August 2019. RESULTSBetween April 1 and August 24, 2020, there were 7 times more pediatric cases of ABHS eye exposures reported in the PCC database compared with the same period in 2019 (9.9% of pediatric eye exposures in 2020 vs 1.3% in 2019; difference, 8.6%; 95% CI, 7.4-9.9; P < .001). The number of cases occurring in public places increased in 2020 (from 16.4% in May to 52.4% in August). Similarly, admissions to the eye hospital for ABHS exposure increased at the same period (16 children in 2020 including 10 boys; mean [SD] age, 3.5 [1.4] years vs 1 boy aged 16 months in 2019). Eight of them presented with a corneal and/or conjunctival ulcer, involving more than 50% of the corneal surface for 6 of them. Two cases required amniotic membrane transplant.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These data support the likelihood of an increasing number of unintentional ocular exposures to ABHS in the pediatric population. To maintain good public compliance with hand disinfection, these findings support that health authorities should ensure the safe use of these devices and warn the parents and caregivers about their potential danger for children.
SOGREAH a été chargée par le service RTM (Restauration des terrains en montagne de la Savoie) et la Division « Protection contre les érosions» du CEMAGREF de Grenoble de mener à bien des actions de recherche sur deux modes de corrections torrentielle: • Les seuils de correction torrentielle du type RTM, • les plages de dépôts au débouché des torrents dans les vallées. Le financement de ces actions a été assuré pour partie par le service RTM et pour partie par le contrat Etat-Région. Le présent article développe trois thèmes particuliers: Thème 1: L'étude des affouillements en aval des seuils, en vue de prévoir les caractéristiques des seuils et de leurs fondations. Thème 2 : L'analyse de l'écoulement en amont du seuil afin de déterminer le débit des crues du torrent à partir des mesures de la hauteur d'eau. Thème 3: La potentialité de transport par charriage d'un torrent, afin de déterminer l'ordre de grandeur des capacités à donner aux plages de dépôt.
As I write these lines, a decade has elapsed since I began researching a book on Beckett and politics. The research support ofered by the Department of English and Related Literature at the University of York enabled me to write the actual monograph, and the book-in-progress was nurtured by years of conversations with friends, students and colleagues. Thanks are due to Derek Attridge and Hugh Haughton, for their support and generosity; to Michelle Kelly, for her input and responses to chapter drafts; to Lauren
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.