The city of Parakou, like cities in developing countries, is experiencing rapid urbanization with the consequences of the destruction of the tree fabric and the progressive loss of cultural knowledge related to it. But in this city, tree species are spared or planted for several reasons. This paper aims to characterize the ecosystem services associated with these trees according to different social categories of urban dwellers. A sample of 370 inhabitants determined by Dagnelie's formula is used to collect the information. The rate of identification of the types of ecosystem services has been assessed. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the influence of social groups on the rate of identification of services. The characterization of ecosystem services according to the different groups was done using the Correspondence Factor Analysis (CFA). A total of 30 ecosystem services grouped into 24 types in 4 categories, namely provisioning services, regulating services, cultural services and support services were identified. It emerges that the most cited services are respectively, in decreasing order, air regulation (90%), food (86%), aesthetic pleasure (40%) and medicinal virtues (36%). The socio-cultural group and the level of education strongly influence the rate of ecosystem identification. The characterization of ecosystem services by to social groups shows that the interest shown by each social group in ecosystem services depends on the benefits it derives from the tree on a daily basis. Although the population recognizes the services provided by trees, it is not actively involved in their conservation, which justifies the low density of the tree layer in the city of Parakou. This gives rise to research on the socio-economic and institutional constraints linked to the promotion of trees in the city of Parakou.
Nature-based solutions hold promise for cities, given their development challenges and vulnerability to climate change. This research is based on the fact that knowledge of public perceptions of trees is necessary for planning tree conservation and planting initiatives in rapidly changing landscapes. This article aims to identify the assets and constraints related to the promotion of trees in the compounds of the cities of Central Benin (cities of Parakou, Dassa-Zoumè and Savalou) based on the perceptions of urban residents. Samples of 370, 365 and 360 inhabitants respectively in Parakou, Dassa-Zoumè and Savalou are used to collect information. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis was performed on the responses obtained to identify assets (strengths and opportunities) and constraints (weaknesses and threats). The decision of the landowner, the lack of place, the lack of technicality, the socio-economic problems constitute the main constraints of the promotion of the tree in the cities of Centre-Benin. To meet the challenge, these cities have assets such as the majority proportion of landowners, the high level of education, the presence of several socio-cultural groups, the climate and favorable soils, the presence of nurserymen and the availability of seedlings, the national tree day.
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