We report on a one-pot synthesis of secondary and tertiary amides from carboxylic acids and amines in the presence of a tertiary amine by using thionyl chloride.

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The vacuum distillation of bergamot peels furnishes a high-quality essential oil that is totally bergapten-free. This oil was compared with that produced by distillation of cold-pressed oils and those commercially available. The oil obtained by vacuum distillation of the bergamot vegetable matrix shows a composition quite similar to that of the cold-pressed oil. It also displays qualitative characteristics that are superior with respect to those normally observed for essential oils isolated by distillation of cold-pressed oils. Oils isolated by the method presented here can constitute ideal candidates in producing foods, for example, Earl Grey tea, and cosmetic preparations.

A general procedure for the synthesis of amides via the direct condensation of carboxylic acids and amines in the presence of TiCl4 is reported. The amidation reaction was performed in pyridine at 85 °C with a wide range of substrates providing the corresponding amide products in moderate to excellent yields and high purity. The reaction proceeds with low yields when both the carboxylic acid and the amine are sterically hindered. The process takes place with nearly complete preservation of the stereochemical integrity of chiral substrates.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-017-0318-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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An efficient one-pot preparation of N-ethyl-N-4-nitrophenylsulfonyl (nosyl) amino acid methyl esters was accomplished by a simple N-ethylation reaction by using triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine. The N-ethylated amino acid methyl esters are obtained with total retention of stereochemistry at the original chiral centers. To further broaden the scope of this methodology, the N-ethylated nosyl-protected compounds are easily con-

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