Europe 2020 is the growth strategy of European Union for the coming decade. Education is one of the objectives of this strategy. Its fulfillment is quantified through two indicators, namely the rate of early school leavers and population with tertiary education. The aim of this paper is to analyse and assess the level of achievement of these two sub-objectives in the Member States in 2014, with the emphasis on the southern countries of the European Union as well as to estimate the the degree of fulfillment, respectively failure of the target values until the year 2020.
This paper discusses the causes and the effects of plastic deformation of double reduced sheets under uniaxial and biaxial loading. It focuses on the specific inhomogeneity and localization of plastic deformation, which is analysed in detail. The uniaxial and the hydraulic biaxial tensile tests were used for material testing and the results were compared and evaluated. The final part of the paper deals with the microstructure of material deformations.
Fine blanking is a widely used process that permits the production of precise finished components which are cleanly sheared through the whole cutting surface. It can be eliminated secondary operations, such as milling, grinding, etc. Many studies on the weight reduction of automobile for fuel saving were underway. The clearance of the punch-die of a fine blanking tool is an important design factor that affects the sheared surface of a product. If the clearance is too big, a fractured surface would occur in the product while if it is too small, bulging would occur. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the effect of clearance between punch and die in a fine blanking tool on quality of sheared surface. A well as to specify the effect of mechanical properties of sheared steel sheet on blanked edge quality given by ratio of hv/a0.
The term "innovation" is Latin origin (innovatio, innovare) and means the introduction of new or significantly improved product or service on the market, respectively introduction of new or significantly improved process within the company (Štatistický úrad SR, 2006). Innovation is obtained as a new combination of existing business technologies, new technological developments or use of business skills. Innovation can be developed by the company or other companies, and it should present something new to the company. The base of innovation is the ability to see the relations, observe and exploit the opportunities. This is relative, radical and revolutionary changes in thinking, products, processes or organizations. In the literature we can find several different approaches to the definition of innovation. For example, European Commission defines innovation as the renewal and extension of scale of products and services and related markets, creating new methods of production, supply and distribution, introduction of changes in management, work organization, working conditions and changes in workforce skills (Klas, 2005). Luecke and Katz define innovation from the perspective of the organization: "Innovation ... is generally regarded as the successful introduction of new things or methods ... Innovation is the personification, combination or synthesis of knowledge in original, relevant and valuable new products or services." (Luecke, Katz, 2003, p.3)
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