A new technique for quantification of human\ud
errors in chemical analysis using expert judgments is\ud
described. This technique is based on the house-of-security\ud
approach developed recently in the field of safety and\ud
security for prevention of terrorist and criminal attacks\ud
against an organization. The following relative quantification parameters (expressed in %) are proposed in the technique: (a) likelihood score of human error in a chemical analytical measurement/testing method, (b) severity\ud
score of human error for reliability of the test results, (c) importance score of a component of a laboratory quality system, and (d) effectiveness score of the quality system as\ud
a whole in reventing/blocking human error. As an example, 34 scenarios of human error in pH measurement of groundwater are discussed and quantified
Applications of a new statistical method OrdinalAnalysis of Variance (ORDANOVA) for interlaboratory comparisons of measurement or test results of semi-quantitative (ordinal) and qualitative (binary) properties are discussed. ORDANOVA can be helpful for validation of measurement or test methods, proficiency testing of laboratories, development of reference materials with certified semi-quantitative and qualitative properties, that is, probably in every field where ANOVA is applied for quantitative properties. A statistics and criteria are proposed for performance assessment of laboratories active in semiquantitative and qualitative testing and for other purposes of statistical analysis of such test results.
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