INTRODUÇÃO: Os distúrbios respiratórios que acometem os idosos são condições que possuem alta taxa de morbidade e mortalidade e resultam em impactos sociais, econômicos e pessoais. OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem por objetivos determinar e comparar o perfil das internações hospitalares e óbitos por distúrbios respiratórios em idosos na macrorregião Leste de Saúde e na região metropolitana do Vale do Aço, numa perspectiva temporal. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se os dados do Ministério da Saúde referentes às internações e aos óbitos por doenças respiratórias em idosos entre 1998 a 2006. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de internação por doenças do aparelho respiratório em idosos na Macrorregião Leste de Saúde variou entre 2,7 a 4,3 / 100 idosos, apresentando uma redução ao longo dos anos. No entanto, na região metropolitana do Vale do Aço, a taxa de internação foi maior, apresentando uma variação entre 4,3 a 5,9 / 100 idosos. As duas principais causas de internação e óbitos em ambas as regiões correspondem às doenças obstrutivas crônicas e à pneumonia, que vêm aumentado nos últimos anos. Observou-se um efeito sazonal sobre as internações que apresentaram aumentadas nos meses de maio, junho, julho e agosto. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que estudos devem ser realizados de forma local, identificando as particularidades das variações dos coeficientes de morbidade e mortalidade em idosos, a fim de subsidiar políticas de saúde e determinar ações preventivas adicionais.

Serological assays emerged as complementary tools to RT-PCR in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as well as being needed for epidemiological studies. This study aimed to assess the performance of a rapid test (RT) compared to that of serological tests using finger prick blood samples. A total of 183 samples were evaluated, 88 of which were collected from individuals with negative RT-PCR and 95 from positive RT-PCR individuals. The diagnostic performance of RT (WONDFO®) and LUMIT (PROMEGA®) were compared to that of ELISA (EUROIMMUN®) for detecting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to time from symptoms onset. The IgG antibody tests were detected in 77.4% (LUMIT), 77.9% (RT), and 80.0% (ELISA) of individuals. The detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 increases in accordance with increasing time from symptoms onset. Considering only time from symptoms onset >21 days, the positivity rate ranged from 81.8 to 97.0% between the three tests. The RT and LUMIT showed high agreement with ELISA (agreement = 91.5%, k = 0.83, and agreement = 96.3%, k = 0.9, respectively) in individuals who had symptoms 15 to 21 days before sample collection. Compared to that of the ELISA assay, our results show sensitivity ranged from 95% to 100% for IgG antibody detection in individuals with symptoms onset between 15 and 21 days before sample collection. The specificity was 100% in individuals with symptoms onset >15 days before serological tests. This study shows good performance and high level of agreement of three immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Introduction: The transition from adolescence to adulthood involves a variety of physical, behavioral, and social transformations, often including tobacco use. Because understanding smoking at this stage is important for tobacco control, we aimed to analyze the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the Brazilian youth population.Methods: This study included participants aged 16–25 years from all Brazilian capitals. A standardized questionnaire was administered by trained healthcare professionals to collect information about sociodemographic status, sexual behavior, and tobacco use. The samples from each capital were weighted by age range and sex.Results: Of the 8,581 participants, 15.1% were current smokers, and 20.0% were former smokers; the average age at first tobacco use was 15.5 years. The prevalence of smoking in men was higher than that in women (20.1 vs. 10.3%, p < 0.01). Education level was associated with current smoking and former smoking. Participants with an elementary education level had a higher smoking prevalence (PR: 5.84, 95%, CI: 4.29–7.95) than those with a secondary education (PR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.63–2.93) and those with higher education. Those without current partners (PR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03–1.56) also had a higher prevalence of smoking than those with partners, and participants who had a previous same-sex sexual experience smoked more (PR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.78–2.96) than those who did not. In addition, regular use of alcohol was associated with higher prevalence of cigarette smoking (PR: 5.65, 95% CI: 4.03–7.90) than a lack of alcohol consumption. Skin color and socioeconomic class did not exhibit significant relationships with tobacco use patterns.Conclusions: Smoking was associated with education level regardless of social class, and some specific behaviors associated with a same-sex sexual experience were associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. These findings are important for formulating policies and directing actions to combat and prevent smoking among young populations.

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