No abstract

desde tubos e perfis rígidos, para uso na construção civil, até brinquedos e filmes flexíveis utilizados no acondicionamento de alimentos, sangue, soro e plasma. Esta versatilidade também é verificada nos processos de transformação que o PVC formulado pode sofrer, podendo ser injetado, calandrado, extrudado ou até mesmo espalmado [1] . Um dos mais importantes aditivos para o PVC é o plastificante, que confere flexibilidade a este polímero. Introdução Study of the Use of Plasticizer from Renewable Sources in PVC CompositionsAbstract: Synthetic polymers have been widely used in manufactured products because of their physical and chemical properties and low cost of production. Poly(vinyl chloride), called PVC, is a versatile, inexpensive plastic whose use has become pervasive in modern society. Its applications include window frames, rain gutters, wall paneling, doors, wallpapers, flooring, garden furniture, toys, blood bags and pipes. In all of these applications additives are used, with plasticizers being among the most important. This work shows a comparative study among distinct compositions of flexible PVC -based on two vegetable plasticizers from renewable sources (modified vegetable oil -OVM and epoxidized modified vegetable oil -OVME), in addition to two conventional petrochemical plasticizers, called di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-(DEHP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate-(DEHA). No significant differences were observed in the mechanical behavior of the compositions evaluated. The plasticizers affected the hardness and chemical resistance to n-heptane for the compositions. The epoxi group and the high molar mass from vegetable plasticizers showed better compatibility with the PVC resin. The analyses by SEM showed a probable exudation of OVM from the PVC matrix.

Commercial Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds are based on the combination of the polymer and additives that gives the formulation necessary for the end‐use. In medical‐device applications, PVC may be treated by gamma irradiation in sterilization process. As a consequence of ionization during irradiation, PVC chains undergo simultaneously crosslinking and scission effects. Therefore, it is necessary the study of new additives with radiolytic stabilization characteristics. In this study, the vegetable oil extracted from coffee grounds (OCG) was incorporated in PVC resin as an additive to produce PVC films and PVC test specimens. The viscosity measurements showed that OCG is a promising radioprotection at 0.5 wt% concentration. The results of mechanical and thermal properties are also discussed. The aim of this study is to show that it is possible to develop a formulation for processing PVC with radiation resistance and, at the same time, friendly to the environment due to recycle the wastes from coffee industry.

Resumo: O acúmulo de resíduos poliméricos tem crescido nos últimos anos e os subsolos dos lixões já estão saturados com resíduos plásticos. Isso possivelmente se deve à elevada produção de resíduos sólidos de plásticos (cerca de 25 mil t/dia em 2008, segundo a Lei de Resíduos). Em vista disso, este trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa do estudo do potencial de (bio)degradação de compostos de PVC utilizando um plastificante de origem vegetal renovável (PFR) com estrutura de éster de milho com massa molar 296,5 g.mol-1 e dois plastificantes sintéticos, ftalato de dioctila (DOP) e adipato de dioctila (DOA), buscando inovar na obtenção de um composto de PVC com um plastificante de fonte renovável. Os resultados de FTIR evidenciaram maior interação do PFR com a resina de PVC para o teor de 30 phr, e para o teor de 40 phr observou-se que os plastificantes DOP e PFR apresentaram os mesmos valores de variação da banda atática. Já os ensaios mecânicos reforçaram os resultados de FTIR com maior compatibilidade para as composições contendo PFR. Uma maior estabilidade térmica no composto de PVC foi observada por TGA para a amostra contendo 40 phr de DOA, o que foi confirmado por RMN, e para a amostra com PFR nos teores de 30 e 40 phr. Por fim, uma perda significativa de massa foi observada nos ensaios de resistência à extração por solvente para os compostos contendo DOA, sendo que a amostra com 30 phr mostrou menor valor de extração. A biodegradação em solo simulado mostrou maior perda de massa para as amostras plastificadas com DOA (40phr) e PFR (40phr). Isso indica que é viável usar plastificante de fonte renovável nos compostos de PVC, devido à compatibilidade deste com esta resina. Palavras-chave: PVC, plastificante de fonte renovável, FTIR, propriedades mecânicas, DSC, TGA, RMN 1 H, biodegradação. Abstract: The accumulation of polymeric waste in the environment has increased in recent years and landfills are already saturated with plastic waste, with an estimated production of ~25,000 t of solid plastic waste per day in Brazil, based on data for 2008. In this report, we describe a comparative analysis of the biodegradation of PVC compounds containing a renewable vegetable-derived plasticizer (RVP) with ester structure of corn and molar mass 296.5 g.mol-1 , or one of two synthetic plasticizers (dioctyl phthalate-DOP and dioctyl adipate-DOA). FTIR showed a greater interaction of RVP with the PVC resin at a content of 30 phr compared to the two synthetic plasticizers. In contrast, at 40 phr, the plasticizers DOP and RVP showed the same variation in the atactic band. Mechanical tests reinforced the results of FTIR by showing greater compatibility for compositions containing RVP. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PVC compounds containing DOA at 40 phr were thermostable, as were compounds containing RVP at 30 and 40 phr. NMR confirmed the influence of the plasticizers on thermal stability. Compared to other combinations, samples plasticized with DOA showed significant loss of mass in tests of resistance to solvent...