We propose that treatment with estrogens or antiandrogens might be applicable in clinical situations to ameliorate systemic inflammation induced by burn.

Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) have been developed to reduce the invasiveness of laparoscopic surgery. SILS has been frequently applied in various clinical settings, such as cholecystectomy, colectomy, and sleeve gastrectomy. So far, there have been four reports on single incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and one report on single incision laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D1 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. In this report, we present our single incision laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection technique using a four-hole single port (OctoPort) in a patient with gastric cancer.

PurposeA number of techniques have been described for the treatment of a transsphincteric anal fistula. In this report, we aimed to introduce a relatively new two-stage technique, application of advancement flap after loose seton placement, to present its technical aspects and to document our results.MethodsIncluded in this retrospective study were 13 patients (10 males, 3 females) with a mean age of 42 years who underwent a two-stage seton and advancement flap surgery for transsphincteric anal fistula between June 2008 and June 2013. In the first stage, a loose seton was placed in the fistula tract, and in the second stage, which was performed three months later, the internal and external orifices were closed with advancement flaps.ResultsAll the patients were discharged on the first postoperative day. The mean follow-up period was 34 months. Only one patient reported anal rigidity and intermittent pain, which was eventually resolved with conservative measures. The mean postoperative Wexner incontinence score was 1. No recurrence or complications were observed, and no further surgical intervention was required during follow-up.ConclusionThe two-stage seton and advancement flap technique is very efficient and seems to be a good alternative for the treatment of a transsphincteric anal fistula.

Background. Relaparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia recurrences has become a relatively new concept with favourable results. The purpose of this study was to examine a series of relaparoscopic repair, present technical experiences, and the clinical outcomes in this subset of patients. Patients and Methods. The medical records of five patients who underwent relaparoscopic repair (TAPP or TEP) for a recurrence between March 2005 and September 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Results. All the patients were male with a mean age of 45 years. Technical failures in the previous repairs were the main factors contributing to recurrences. In two re-TEP cases with no previous mesh fixation, the old mesh remained on the peritoneal side during preperitoneal dissection and this greatly facilitated surgical manipulation. The mean operative time was 93 min (range, 45–120 min). There were no conversions, no intraoperative complications, and no morbidity or rerecurrence after a mean follow-up period of 17 months (range, 7–24 months). Conclusion. Relaparoscopic repair appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of recurrent inguinal hernia and repeated TEP could be a simpler approach than expected in the presence of no prior mesh fixation.

The impact of immune parameters in the mechanism of hyperthermia is yet to be explained. In this study, the optimal timing and temperature of thermal treatment for reversing the abnormal immunologic parameters obtained in a rat model of peritonitis were planned to be determined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as sham, control peritonitis, and thermally treated rats at the time of peritonitis or 4 h prior to induction of peritonitis both at 40 and 42 degrees C. Peritonitis was induced by the cecal ligation and perforation model. Eight hours after the induction of peritonitis, rats were sacrified and samples were taken for measurements of CD4+, CD8+, CD(11b), B cells, NK cells, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels. CD4+ expression and B cell amount were decreased whereas TNFalpha levels, CD8+ and CD(11b) expression, and NK cell amount were found to be increased in the control peritonitis group when compared to the sham group. Peritonitis induction also increased TBARS levels in liver tissue. Hyperthermic preconditioning at either 40 or 42 degrees C applied 4 h prior to peritonitis induction returned all parameters to their normal levels, which is similar to the results of the sham laparotomy group. The results of TNFalpha values in preconditioned rats were varied according to the temperature that was applied. The levels were increased at 40 degrees C, whereas they showed a decline at 42 degrees C. Hyperthermic preconditioning prevented the oxidative damage in liver as well as TNFalpha elevation, particularly at 42 degrees C. Results from this study suggest that hyperthermic preconditioning 4 h prior to the onset of septic events may improve the adverse outcome in sepsis.

Most of the challenges posed by SILS cholecystectomy can be easily solved with simple technical modifications.

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Objective: Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a "scar-less" new surgical technique which has been gaining popularity over recent years. In comparison to conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery, SILS is introduced as a less invasive method. This technique has also been applied to colorectal surgery. The aim of the presenting study is to investigate the applicability of SILS and report short term results. Material and Methods:We evaluated prospectively collected data of 24 patients who had been operated with "Single Incision Laparoscopic Colon Resection (SILCR)" in our clinic between June 2011-June 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all patients before surgery. Patient data such as ASA and BMI values, need for additional surgery, tumors, number of lymph nodes resected, length of hospital stay, length of surgery, timing of flatus, time to start oral feeding and complications were recorded.Results: SILCR was performed in 24 patients. In 13 patients, SILCR was performed for cancer treatment. There was no need for extra ports, conversion to open surgery and stoma creation was also not necessary. Drain was placed in 4 patients. Overall complication rate was 12.5%. The mean number of lymph nodes in 13 patients who underwent SILCR for tumor was found to be 23 (14-33). The mean operative time and length of hospital stay was 177 minutes (110-363) and 5.35 days (4-11) respectively. Anastomotic leakage was not seen in any of the patients. In one patient, urinoma formation due to ureteral leakage was seen which resulted from thermal injury. Conclusion:When we compare other series with almost the same number of patients' reported SILS results in the literature, we believe that we could draw conclusions from our data. SILS appears to have comparable results to conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery in the hands of experienced surgeons. It seems advantegous as it can be done with conventional laparoscopic instruments in a "scar-less" manner. Prospective randomized trials are necessary to define the benefits of one procedure over the other. Original Investigation INTRODUCTIONExpertise in laparoscopy over 20 years and the advances in technology expand the role of NOTES and single port or single incision surgeries within the spectrum of minimally invasive surgery. This technique has rapidly gained acceptance with support from flexible hand devices, telescopes with rotating ends and port systems that can be placed through 2-5 cm incisions without gas leakage. This technique was first used in right-hemicolectomy by Remzi et al. for a large cecal polyp (1). Similar to the way laparoscopic surgery began; single incision surgery was first used in cholecystectomy and gained popularity thereafter. Colorectal procedures with this method have also begun during the same period. According to results from studies on single incision surgical procedures, this method has a slight advantage over conventional laparoscopic procedures with less pain, less length of hospital stay and faster recovery (2-4).