Traditional memory techniques like mnemonics, flashcards and outline have been used to memorise and recall information as rote learning is not something that can be completely avoided in education. Recently, two memory techniques that are considered superior to traditional memory techniques-link and major system of memory are being widely used to memorise a large amount of data in a very short time. The link and major system of memory are based on three basic principles: Observation, association and repetition. These techniques can be used to memorise, remember and recall information in pharmaceutical subjects like botanical names and families in pharmacognosy, drug names and classification in medicinal chemistry, dose and adverse effect of drugs in pharmacology, list of additives in pharmaceutics and interpretation of spectrum in pharmaceutical analysis. The link and major system of memory offer several advantages over traditional memory techniques like mnemonics, flashcards and outline. One of the key advantages of link and major system of memory is that these techniques need no training as they are very simple and intuitive to human beings. The other advantages are: they help students to learn, remember and retain new concepts easily; they help students to sharpen their self-learning skills; they also help students to direct their attention to key concepts and process the material deeply and save a lot of time.
Wound healing is a complicated organised process that includes numerous phases that connect diverse cellular events and activate several intracellular molecular pathways in injured cells and tissues. Delay in wound healing owing to high levels of oxidative stress is a major difficulty in various metabolic illnesses, including diabetes mellitus. Several therapeutic wound dressing materials and methods, such as hyperbaric oxygen treatment and negative pressure wound therapy, have been developed to speed up wound healing and restore cellular homeostasis. A significant advance has been made in locating transcriptional regulators involved in wound healing. The redox sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the major regulator of antioxidant defense regulation, inducing the expression of cyto-protective genes and increasing the generation of antioxidants that scavenge free radicals.Activators of Nrf2 have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and improve wound healing in a variety of pathophysiological situations, including diabetes and its consequences such as diabetic foot ulcers, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic nephropathy. Several therapeutic chemicals have been discovered to alleviate oxidative stress and consequently increase cell proliferation. Angiogenesis results in tissue healing through activating the transcription factor Nrf2. This review focuses on role of Nrf2 mediated antioxidant gene expression for diabetic wound healing.
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