These findings caution against surgeons' underestimation of the potential radiation risk and insufficient promotion of safe work practices by their health care institutions.
Various substances and industrial processes, surrogates of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are currently classified as human carcinogens. This paper reviews recent epidemiological studies reporting direct evidence of the carcinogenic effects of PAHs in occupationally exposed subjects. Risks of lung and bladder cancer were dose dependent when PAHs were measured quantitatively and truly nonexposed groups were chosen for comparison. These new findings suggest that the current threshold limit value of 0.2 mg/m3 of benzene soluble matter (which indicates PAH exposure) is unacceptable because, after 40 years of exposure, it involves a relative risk of 1.2-1.4 for lung cancer and 2.2 for bladder cancer.Imagesp1166-a
Background: Numerous studies have investigated mortality during a heatwave, while few have quantified heat associated morbidity. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between hospital admissions and intensity, duration and timing of heatwave across the summer months.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and Brogan & Partners are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Environmental Health Perspectives.Various substances and industrial processes, surrogates of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are currently classified as human carcinogens. This paper reviews recent epidemiological studies reporting direct evidence of the carcinogenic effects of PAHs in occupationally exposed subjects. Risks of lung and bladder cancer were dose dependent when PAHs were measured quantitatively and truly nonexposed groups were chosen for comparison. These new findings suggest that the current threshold limit value of 0.2 mg/m3 of benzene soluble matter (which indicates PAH exposure) is unacceptable because, after 40 years of exposure, it involves a relative risk of 1.2-1.4 for lung cancer and 2.2 for bladder cancer. Key words: bladder cancer, epidemiology, lung cancer, occupational exposure, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Health Perspect 104: 1166-1170 (1996) According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), soot and tar, untreated and mildly treated mineral oils, and processes used in the production of aluminum and coke or in iron and steel foundries are carcinogenic in humans. Because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs; namely, hydrocarbons with three or more condensed aromatic rings in which certain carbon atoms are common to two or three rings (1)] are common in these occupational exposures, the findings are currently considered to be indirect evidence of the carcinogenic effects of PAHs (2). In recent epidemiological studies, however, occupational PAH exposure was directly estimated using either the job-exposure matrix (EM) approach or industrial hygiene data collected in a factory. Our aim was therefore to make an appraisal of studies that report a dose-response analysis of PAH levels in relation to cancer risk and to quantify risk with respect to the current threshold limit values (TLV) fixed by the American
BACKGROUND:The objectives of this study were to measure the incidence of sarcomas, including viscerally sited tumors that are not reported in cancer statistics, and to draw explanatory clues from a large and reliable sarcoma incidence data set. METHODS: Cases of sarcomas regardless of primary site (except bone and joints) were collected during 2 years in 3 European regions totaling approximately 26,000,000 person-years. The sources used were pathology reports and hospital discharges forms. Diagnoses were reviewed by expert sarcoma pathologists and were classified according to 2002 World Health Organization criteria. Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) were considered those located in arms, legs, trunk, head, neck, and retroperitoneum; visceral sarcomas (VS) were considered those that arose in internal organs. Rates were age standardized using the European (ASR-E) and the USA standard population. The rate of coexistence of VS and STS was calculated by dividing the 2 corresponding ASRs. RESULTS: There were 1558 sarcomas, 968 STS, and 590 VS. The ASRs-USA per 100,000 person-years was 5.12 Â 10 5 among males and 4.58 Â 10 5 among females for all sarcomas. For males and females, respectively, the ASR-E per 100,000 person-years was 3.58 Â 10 5 and 2.55 Â 10 5 , respectively, for STS; 1.47 Â 10 5 and 1.97 Â 10 5 , respectively, for VS; and 0.55 Â 10 5 and 0.10 Â 10 5 , respectively, for Kaposi sarcoma. The coexistence rate of VS and STS was 0.41 for males and 0.77 for females. For dermatofibrosarcoma (both sexes), uterine sarcoma, liposarcoma (females), and leiomyosarcoma, including or excluding the uterus (females), the age-specific rates depicted a curve with a rapid increasing trend until ages 40 to 50 years and little variation thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the incidence of STS, VS incidence made up an additional 41% in males and 77% in females. Because the shape of age-specific curves for some histotypes was similar to that of breast cancer, the authors concluded that sex hormones (plus many chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors) may be involved in carcinogenesis. This evidence could pave the way to investigate alternative treatments and to explore etiology. Cancer 2012;118:5339-48.
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