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ObjectiveThe prevalence of non-motor symptoms (NMSs) and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been reported inconsistently among different populations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the NMSs and HRQoL profiles and their correlation in Egyptian PD patients, using a culturally adapted Arabic version of the 39-item Parkinson’s disease questionnaire (PDQ-39).MethodsNinety-seven PD patients were rated using the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS), the non-motor symptoms scales (NMSS), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and the Arabic version of PDQ-39. We used the Spearman’s rank correlation and multiple linear regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between NMSs domains and HRQoL dimensions.ResultsFatigue/sleep (91.3%) and mood/cognitive disturbances (87%) were the most frequently and severely affected NMSS domains. Other common NMSs included urinary (75.9%), memory/attention (72.4%), gastrointestinal (67.8%), and cardiovascular problems (64.8%). The total NMSS scores were positively correlated with UPDRS I, II, and III scores. Depression was prevalent in 76.7% of PD patients. Moreover, all enrolled PD patients reported impairment in different HRQoL dimensions, especially mobility (98.9%), activities of daily living (97.8%), and emotional well-being (95.5%). The summary index of PDQ-39 was correlated to the total NMSS, UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II Off, UPDRS-III (Off and On states), and BDI scores.ConclusionThis study showed the high prevalence of NMSs and the value of NMSS and BDI scores as predictors of HRQoL in Egyptian PD patients. Therefore, characterizing the NMSs profile is essential for tailoring management strategies for PD patients.

A BS TRACT: Background: The growing burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Africa necessitates the identification of available therapies and services to improve patient care.

Objective: Telemedicine has been increasingly used, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, limited data are available from developing countries. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, satisfaction of patients and physicians, and quality of service provided during virtual visits for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated limitations. Methods: Thirty-nine PD patients were contacted to schedule virtual visits using the Zoom application. Thereafter, we rated the feasibility, satisfaction, and quality of service provided by virtual visits using patients' and physicians' questionnaires. Results: Twenty-one out of 39 PD patients were scheduled for virtual visits. Nineteen virtual visits out of 21 (90.5%) were conducted successfully; 16 of these were accomplished in the first attempt (76.2%). The scores of satisfaction, quality of service, and set-up/preparation were 9.5 (8.5-10), 9.5 (9-10), and 8 (5-10) for the patients and 9 (7-10), 8 (6-10), and 10 (10-10) for the physicians, respectively. The average time that was saved was 270.79 ± 142.17 min, while an average of 76.38 ± 95.15 km of travel was avoided for the patients per visit. The most common limitations for conducting virtual visits were a lack of Internet connection and the inability to use technology (75%). Conclusions: The present study showed the feasibility and the high satisfaction level of patients and physicians as well as the favorable service quality of virtual visits for PD in a developing country during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the lack of Internet connectivity and the inability to use technology were the main limitations.

Background Direct neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease whether peripheral or central are reported worldwide. Yet, along the 3rd wave of the pandemic especially in India, an associated angioinvasive opportunistic infection with mucormycosis in COVID-19 cases is emerging. Case presentation The current case series which represents 4 patients with mucormycosis post COVID-19 is one of a few if not the first case series that discusses post COVID-19 mucormycosis from a neurological prospective in a tertiary hospital in Egypt. All cases but one presented with total ophthalmoplegia, and only one was diagnosed as a cavernous sinus thrombosis; meanwhile, orbital cellulitis and orbital apex syndrome were responsible of ophthalmoplegia in two cases. Mortality reached 25%, and the case that died suffered cutaneous as well as rhino-cerebral type with a delayed presentation to hospital. Conclusion A rare but fatal fungal infection is ought to be nowadays kept in mind in COVID-19 active cases as well as in recovered COVID-19 patients, especially those who have comorbid medical conditions as uncontrolled diabetes and who were treated with large doses of corticosteroids.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 hit strongly and hardly the entire globe for more than 1 year with a morbidity exceeding 139 million and a mortality approaching 3 million worldwide since its emergence in China in December 2019 until April 2021.Although being termed after its ancestor the acute respiratory syndrome corona virus that emerged in 2002. Yet, the current corona virus has its unique devastating presentations being pulmonary and extra pulmonary.In the current review, a highlight on the role played by corona virus 2 on pathogenesis and outcome of stroke is presented with an attempt to point to the most approved ways through which the corona virus induce stroke being disturbance in renin angiotensin system and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors downregulation, endothelial cell damage with coagulopathy, cytokine storm, and platelet as well as outcome and risks in patients who are suffering stroke with modifiable vascular risk factors and catching the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2.

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Background Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common, yet under-reported, non-motor symptom (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study investigated the sexual functions in PD male patients, its correlation with motor and other NMSs, and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods The sexual functions of 40 PD male patients were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and compared to 25 healthy age-matched controls. Patients were evaluated using the NMS Scale (NMSS) and the Arabic version of the Parkinson's-Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). We compared the sexual functions of younger (≤ 55 years) and elder (> 55 years) males and tested the correlations between sexual functions and motor, other NMSs, and HRQoL. Results Seventy percent of PD male patients reported erectile dysfunction. They showed significantly worse total (p < 0.001) and subscores of IIEF, compared to healthy controls. The total IIEF was inversely correlated to age of patients (p = 0.013), age at onset (p = 0.043), total, cognitive/mood, gastrointestinal and urinary domains of NMSS, and the cognitive domain of PDQ-39 (p = 0.013). Age was the main predictor (ß = − 0.581, p = 0.006) of SD. Elder patients showed worse sexual functions, stronger correlations to other NMSs, and more impact on HRQoL than younger patients. Conclusion Sexual functions are worse among PD male patients with age as the main predictor. SD was associated with worse cognitive/mood and urinary domains of NMSS and has a negative impact on the patients' HRQoL among elder males.