The overarching aim of this study was to investigate students' perceptions of the learning environment and whether these influenced their motivation and self-regulation in learning English as a second language at the university level in Jordan. Our sample involved 994 students, drawn from 13 schools, within three faculties (humanities, health sciences and engineering) of one university. The collection of data involved the administration of two surveys: one to assess students' perceptions of the learning environment and another to assess students' motivation and self-regulation in learning English as a second language. The results of analyses strongly supported the reliability and validity of the surveys when used at the university level in Jordan, thereby providing confidence in the results of the present study. Simple correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the influence of students' perceptions of the learning environment of English language classes on self-reports of motivation and self-regulation. Statistically significant (p \ 0.05) simple correlations were found between students' perceptions of their learning environment and their motivation and self-regulation. The regression weights (β) indicated that scales of the learning environment were positively, statistically significantly (p \ 0.05) and independently related to the motivation and self-regulation outcomes.Keywords English as a second language · Learning environment · Motivation · Self-regulation · Student adaptive learning engagement · What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) Background

The research aims to study and measure the impact of macro policies (monetary and financial) on the agricultural sector and economic growth in some Arab countries, namely (Saudi Arabia and Jordan), with special reference to Iraq. The research relied on the descriptive approach with quantitative analysis using the statistical program (Eviews10). The research included a time series over a period of thirty-one years , where the co-integration mechanism and the error correction methodology (ECM) were used to find out the impact of some independent financial and monetary economic indicators on the variable value added of the agricultural sector of the sample countries, and then measure the value added of the agricultural sector. Estimated from the first model on the economic growth of the second stage v Using the two-stage method, in order to reach more accurate results, and one of the most important conclusions reached by the research is that all economic variables are stable at the first level and difference, so the ARDL autoregressive vector model was chosen to estimate the relationship between the long and short term variables. This model was used in order to know the nature of the relationship shown by the macro policies (financial and monetary) in the agricultural sector and the economic growth rates of all the sample countries, as it was found that the policies followed by the sample countries were ineffective. Which contributed to the low added value of the agricultural sector and thus reduced economic growth, especially in Iraq and Saudi Arabia as they are oil countries, while in Jordan the added value increased economic growth. The researcher recommended raising the efficiency of fiscal and monetary policies by relying on mechanisms that raise the agricultural added value, which in turn works to raise the economic growth rates of the sample countries.

This study examines the typical value of wheat crop production in Nineveh Governorate for the production season 2020, and calculates costs, the United States and profits and diagnoses the challenges and problems of crop production. ( 134) questionnaire forms were distributed to a random sample of wheat crop farmers in Nineveh Governorate for the agricultural season 2019-2020. showing that the average revenue per ton of wheat crop amounted to (497, 578,832) dinars/ton, and that the average total value added per ton was estimated at (384,200,121) dinars/ton, and the average total costs (production and marketing) per ton amounted to (223.621.841) dinars/ton. The results of the research indicated that there are problems and obstacles with regard to the process of preparing the state for production requirements for farmers in terms of inappropriate timings for cultivation and low quantities distributed, This leads to higher variable costs than production costs. and the presence of delays in the process of marketing and receiving the yield from the silos, The study recommends early development of the agricultural plan, opening centers to collect the crop in the harvest season, close to the farms in order to reduce costs and facilitate the marketing process, and work to develop a marketing mechanism and the receipt of the crop by the silos, and expedite the process of disbursing the financial dues to farmers.