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Puberty is a period of developing secondary sexual characteristics and psychosocial maturity. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females before the age of eight and in boys before the age of nine, accompanied by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and pulse of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It has been known to be affected by factors such as nutrition, psychological stress, increased use of technology, a sedentary lifestyle, and weight gain (Orman et al., 2022). The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) that causes emergent atypical pneumonia known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), was first identified in March 2019. The rapid spread of COVID-19 led to an epidemic in China, that was preceded by a global pandemic in 2020 (Verzani et al., 2021). Over 100 countries imposed variable lockdown measures either at local or national level following COVID-19, depending on the extent of spread of infection. Many countries imposed restrictions on flights from China, movement, and social contact, as well as visitors from high-risk areas were required to be quarantined (Coronavirus, 2020).Individuals, particularly children, were highly likely to spend more time at home due to the lockdown mandated by the governments of several countries, including Pakistan, Brazil, India, Turkey and China affecting their daily routine significantly (Ali et al., 2022;Barberi et al., 2022;Prosperi & Chiarelli, 2022). Lifestyle changes, such as dietary habits and sleep schedules, can have a substantial impact on a child's sexual development, including the initiation of puberty (Li et al., 2022).

More than 700,000 pacemakers (PMs) are implanted worldwide each year, with more than 250,000 deployed in the United States. Leadless cardiac pacemakers (LPCs) are an alternative to conventional pacemakers because they do not require permanent transvenous leads while alleviating bradyarrhythmias. An innovation in the field of pacing systems called ‘dual chamber pacing system’ has received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval which is a safe, non-invasive, and efficacious procedure as documented by a landmark clinical study. It succeeded in its pre-established safety and performance goals, with definite procedural success, atrial pacing and reliable atrioventricular (AV) synchrony. Despite its hailing success, the system continues to undergo transformation and development, and requires further longitudinal data to reaffirm its safety and efficacy.

Pakistan's 200 million people are among the most vulnerable global victims of the escalating effects of climate change despite producing <1% of the greenhouse gases blamed for contributing to global warming. Flooding is one of its consequences. 1Since the monsoon season started, Pakistan has received more than 60% of the usual rainfall. In Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh, flooding, landslides, flash floods, and severe weather-related calamities like glacial lake outburst floods have drastically affected the areas. 2 One-third of the country has been swamped by the disaster, which has afflicted at least 33 million people. This has exposed 3.4 million children to waterborne infections, drowning, and malnutrition. 2-4 Rains and floods have destroyed about 300,000 homes and damaged over 650,000 more. Livelihoods have been shattered as crops have been destroyed, 2 million acres of agricultural land have been damaged, and approximately 735,000 cattle have died. 4 In flood-affected communities, the latest floods have also exacerbated food insecurity and hunger situation. From December through March 2023, over 14.6 million people are anticipated to need emergency food assistance. 5All the data stated above has raised various concerns related to nation's socioeconomic and demographic situation, this catastrophic flooding has elevated the dangers of dealing with the already burdened and compromised