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The current study represents the first identification of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV) in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) from Al-Makhwah Governorate, Saudi Arabia and nucleotide sequencing of capsid protein gene of BYMV. Thirty plant species and cultivars to twelve different families were mechanically inoculated by BYMV. Seventeen of them showed systemic symptoms mosaic, yellowing, vein clearing, stunting streaking mosaic, malformation and severe mosaic as a result of BYMV infection. Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chinopodium quinoa L. were found to be local lesion host after 4-6 days of inoculation. Two aphids, Myzus persicae Sluz. and Aphis faba were used to study the transmission of BYMV. Aphis faba was found to be the most effective vector with 60% of BYMV transmission. Immunological techniques namely Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), Tissue Blot Immuno Binding Assay (TBIA) and Dot Blot Immune Binding Assay (DBIA) were amplified to study BYMV. Positive reaction was obtained and the prevalence of the virus in the flowers and seed parts was confirmed. The RT-PCR products were amplified from total RNA of bean plant tissues using specific primer BYMV1 and BYMV2 (designed on conserved sequences of BYMV NIb-CP). A cDNA fragment of 700 bp nuclear inclusion body and coat protein gene region primer (5'-NIb-CP 3') was amplified. Digoxigenin-labelled BYMV cDNA probe through Southern blot and Dot blot hybridization techniques were employed for the detection of BYMV infected bean plants. A strong positive reaction was observed with bean and faba bean infected with BYMV. A part of the 3' end of Nib-region and the 5' end of the CP region of BYMV Potyvirus Al-Makhwah KSA isolate (700 nt) was sequenced and analyzed (The DNA sequence submitted in GenBank acc.no. LC025531). Identity percentage of Al-Makhwah KSA isolate BYMV Potyvirus (NIb-CP) with a Japanese isolate was 99% and with USA gladiolus isolate and another Japanese isolate were 95% and 93%, respectively confirming that BYMV viral group is diversified mainly in some specific parts of genome, especially in the CP region, whereas NIb gene is very conservative.

In this paper, The virus was identified based on host range, symptomatology, and stability in crude extracts, modes of transmission, serological reaction, inclusion bodies, electron microscopy and molecular biology. Study ofthe host range which inoculated different plant species belonging to twelve families revealed that the reactions different hosts. Data concerning stability of virus in crude sap were TIB95C 0 ,DEP10 -7 -10 -8 and LIV 28 days. Modes of transmission showed that PMMoV transmitted mechanically and by infected seeds but cannot be transmitted byany of the tested aphid species.A one-step reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used for the detection and identification of the isolated virus from nucleic acid extracts of infected pepper plants .Using specific oligonucleotide primer PMMoV-F/ PMMoV-R, which amplified the coat protein (CP) gene for detection of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). A major product of approximately 387bp PMMoV-CP gene was produced. DNA-DNA hybridization assays of viral genome have been used for detection of the present virus isolate using specific cDNA probe prepared for PMMoV. A one-step reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used for the detection and identification of the isolated Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) from nucleic acid extracts of infected pepper plants.Using specific oligonucleotide primer PMMoV-F/PMMoV-R, which amplified the coat protein (CP) gene for detection of Peppermild mottle virus (PMMoV). A major product of approximately 387bp PMMoV-CP gene was produced. A high reliable sensitive immunocapture reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) technique was applied for detection of PMMoV in which the in infected pepper plant. PCR fragment of correct size 387bpwas amplified with primer specific coat protein gene. DNA-DNA hybridization assays of viral genome have been used for detection of the present virus isolate using specific cDNA probe prepared for PMMoV. This study of PMMoVis carried out for the first time in Taif Saudia Arabia.

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