The need for speed construction increases the use of pile bent piers. The pile bent piers not only reduces the construction time, but also, reduces the construction cost. They reduce the pile cab required frameworks time and cost. However, the behavior of the pile bent pier under seismic load may cause the pile failure under maximum moment acting on the pile under the ground with 2 to 4.5 times the pile diameter.In this research, a parametric study is performed to minimize the risks of pile failure under seismic loads by increasing the pile stiffnesses in the critical location using soil grouting. Different grouting widths (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m) are proposed and the effect of the grouting was compared in terms of acting forces on the pile. Grouting width 0.5 m around the pile decreases the seismic moment and increases the shear. However, increasing the grouting diameter than 0.5 m increases the pile stiffness and increases the acting forces.
The foundations for offshore wind turbines represent the main item either for cost or installation process, and the lateral resistance of tabular piles is the main factor for its design. Therefore, studies for consistent and efficient foundations have become essential for offshore wind turbines when using traditional mono-pile foundations under practical and environmental conditions. This research discusses the increase in the lateral behaviour of open tabular piles with the addition of external wings near the ground level with specific dimensions. Four wings were added to the exterior wall of the open-ended pipe pile at equal angles 90 degrees. The wings length varied from 0.25 to 0.5 of the pile diameters. Each wing length is studied with two depths of 1.25, and 2.5 pile diameter. The numerical analysis was verified with published results of centrifugal tests. The successive parametric study discussed the feasibility of the added wings. Inclusive, the resultant load direction was considered as changed between 0 to 45o with 5 degrees to the wing's orientation horizontally
Slums and non-engineering buildings are scattered in Egyptian cities. Here comes the challenge facing the state, including the engineering bodies, to determine the danger level to the residents' lives, and to develop solutions and priorities for facing risks including earthquakes. The large size of slums necessitates the development of a simplified way for classifying structures in terms of their seismic resistance. This research proposes a simplified method to estimate the earthquake loads to be used for estimating the ability of such buildings to withstand the main and seismic loads, allowing the determination of the initial degree of danger on its condition. The proposed guideline ignores the effect of participation of all columns in resisting earthquake loads, especially in the absence of lateral stiffness members, which is the general condition of slums and focuses on the external columns only that are the most exposed to the seismic load. Also, this method considers only the resulting seismic vertical reactions. The validity of the proposed method was tested experimentally and analytically, while its accuracy was verified through a field study by comparing the results of its application on two buildings in Sharika, Egypt. Numerical models for these buildings were built to determine their resistance under seismic loads. The study concluded how to predict the risks affecting such buildings using a simple process. This could be used to establish controls to replanning the buildings of existing slum cities to ensure the safety or at least reduce the risk of collapses against moderate earthquakes.
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