Organic-inorganic perovskite-based solar cell fascinated researchers around the world with their immense interest. Since 2009, intensive work on photovoltaic perovskite systems reached efficiencies over 20% relative to silicon-based solar cells with a current efficiency of approximately 17%. The current research paper presents the suitable choice of solar cell materials such as hole transport materials, type of perovskite material, the electron transport layer among others. A photovoltaic device is then built using the chosen materials which are then investigated through simulations using the SCAPS 1D program to determine the effects that these layer materials have on the performance of the overall PV device. Simulation methods are also used to optimize the parameters of the constructed device such as the thickness of the electrodes, the hole transport layer and the light absorber material. The simulation results showed an efficiency of 20.34 % using gold (Au) contacts.
The magnetic lens (magnetic field lens) uses a magnetic field rather than an equipotential plane. This work presents a modelling of the design of a focused magnetic lens. Its main purpose is to reveal the possibility of this lens to eliminate aberrations and to determine the extent of its potential to be included in the design of electron microscopes and electron beam melting systems. This work was accomplished by using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The magnetic lens was tested to determine the possibility of its inclusion in electron microscopes by changing the bore radius from 1 to 4 step by step. The proposed mathematical model was proven as an excellent tool in electron optics.
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of pathologic changes affect the developing hip. Dega acetabuloplasty is considered one of the favorable reshaping procedures and it is most valuable in severe dysplasia without need for internal fixation. High cut Dega osteotomy is a modification for the typical Dega procedure by making the osteotomy at a higher level close to salter osteotomy. So, it facilitates the basic Dega procedure and produces a Salter-like effect. Objectives: to evaluate theclinical and radiological outcomes of the management of DDH by high cut Dega osteotomy. Patients and Methods: This prospective study included 20 patients with 25 involved hips who presented with DDH between walking age and under 3 years of age, High cut Dega osteotomy were conducted in 13 patients in Abo-Elreesh-Hospital and 7 patients in Qena University Hospital between March 2017 and March 2021. Clinical status was assessed using modified McKay criteria; radiological evaluations were assessed using the modified Severinclassification, the mean acetabular index (AI),and centeredge (CE) angles. Results: The final clinical resultswere satisfactory in 24 hips (96%) and unsatisfactory in one (4%), there was a statistically significant improvement in acetabular index and center edge at the final follow up. Conclusions: Our modified technique gives similar results to the Dega procedure but avoid iatrogenic insults to the acetabulum and rare early closure of the triradiated cartilage, which might lead to acetabular dysplasia.
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