The present study investigated the relationship between education outputs, Education expenditure, and economic growth in Saudi Arabia for the time period of 1986–2016. The results obtained after employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model revealed a long-term relationship between the studied variables, an inverse relationship between the number of graduates and growth in the long term, whereas a non-significant positive relationship appeared in the short -term. Findings indicate also that public spending in education has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long run. Furthermore, he observed that a 1% increase in public expenditure in education contributes 18% increase in GDP per capita in the long run. This is in line with economic theory and previous research showing that expenditure on education leads to a rise in GDP per capita and economic growth rates. The recommendations of this study are fundamental to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
This research aimed to study the effects of The Role of Jouf University in serving and developing the society for Vision 2030, by understanding the influence of training, continuous education, technical consultations, and applied researches on management development for employees and organizational development of institutions. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample size of 393 individuals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Further, to analyze the study data, the structural equations method (SEM) was used via the SmartPLS and statistical package for the social science (SPSS) 23 programs. After analyzing and testing the hypotheses of the study, it was found that there is a positive role of Jouf University in serving and developing the society for Vision 2030. There is a positive impact for applied researches and training on management development of employees, and a positive impact also for applied researches, training, and continuing education on organizational development of institutions.
This study seeks to highlight and clarify the level of intellectual capital in energy institutions in Algeria and to identify its role in creating value for the work of the institution in question, to address the problem of its content, and identify the reality of intellectual capital in the institution under study and its effectiveness in establishing and adding value to its work. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed amongst a target sample to gain their views and post-collection; the questionnaires were submitted to the SPSS program according to the fifth Likert scale. After descriptive analysis and testing the hypotheses of the study, a low level of awareness amongst the participants was found regarding the introduction of innovative technologies to improve their production processes and regarding the study’s quest to achieve a good level of customer satisfaction with them. The reexamination of the improvement of the surveyed enterprise business level by focusing on the adoption of continuous improvement policy and change in the organizational culture is recommended as this may help it to own intellectual capital outstanding.
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