Five diets were compared for measuring their effects on the differential haemocytes types of the newly emerged worker bees, and also on their haemolymph proteins, lipids and glucose content. As blood haemocytes cell play a role in defending honeybees against parasites and pathogens. Five groups of newly emerged worker bees were fed with one of the following diets in patty form with sugar: faba bean (Vicia faba) pollen, maize (Zea mays) pollen, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pollen, Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) pollen and soya bean (Glycine max) flour (as pollen supplement). Differential haemocyte counts (DHC) were evaluated in smears of their haemolymph. The types of the haemocytes (prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids, granulocytes, coagulocytes and binucleated cells) were recorded. The most abundant type was plasmtoycte cells (over 90%) followed by granulocyte cells and coagulocyte cells. These blood cells perform phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign bodies in the honeybee body cavity. Feeding honeybees with these different diets caused significant differences between the haemocyte cells. The highest number of plasmatocyte cells recorded in bees which fed on maize pollen, while the lowest was found in bees fed on bean pollen. The highest protein content was found in the haemolymph of bees fed on date palm and the lowest was found in bees fed on bean pollen and the difference was non-significant. The difference in lipids content was non-significant in worker bees fed on these different diets. There was a significant difference in glucose content between bees fed on maize pollen and date palm pollen.
The activity of invertase, glucose oxidase and amylase in the cephalic (post‐cerebral) and thoracic salivary glands is determined in Egyptian and Carniolan honeybees (Apis mellifera L). For this purpose, three ages of worker bees are selected for enzyme assays. The results show that the three target enzymes are detected in the two glands during the three worker ages, except invertase, which cannot be detected in the cephalic gland of newly emerged bees of both subspecies. In both glands, the secretion of invertase is highest, followed by amylase and then glucose oxidase. In Carniolan bees, invertase secretion of the cephalic and thoracic glands increases gradually with age. In Egyptian bees, invertase increases with age only in the cephalic gland, whereas, in the thoracic gland, the highest secretion activity is detected in 10–15‐day‐old bees. The highest amounts of glucose oxidase and amylase in the cephalic gland are detected in newly emerged individuals of both Egyptian and Carniolan bees. In the thoracic gland, however, the highest activity of both enzymes is recorded only in newly emerged Egyptian bees. The results are discussed in the light of bee management and biological aspects of the two subspecies.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of different levels of HMF value of honey at different concentration (15,20and 25%honey). Honey and HMF concentrations of 15 %, 20 % and 25 % honey in distilled water were prepared. These preparations were tested for antimicrobial activity against four different types of pathogenic bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Antimicrobial activity was determined as an equivalent of the inhibition zones diameters using filter paper discs (in millimeters) after incubation of the cultures at 30°C for 24 hours for bacterial species. The results showed a bactericidal activity of HMF value of honey against a broad spectrum of bacteria with variable degrees. By use of least significant differences test for multiple comparisons, it is apparent that the honey of HMF value (90.24 mglkg) showed the highest inhibitory effect on bacterial growth compared to other honey treatments and HMF concentrations. This value (90.24 mglkg) had the highest bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli at concentrations of 15and 20% honey. Similarly, the HMF (90.24 mglkg) value had significantly higher inhibitory effects compared to other treatments on Bacillus subtilis growth at concentration 15, 20 and 25% honey and on Staphylococcus aureus growth at concentration 15and 25% honey. However, there was no inhibitory effect of HMF value of honey (203.0 mglkg) against all bacterial strains tested at concentration 15% honey. Considerably, no inhibitory effect of all HMF values of honey treatments was noted on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion, the different levels of HMF value of honey at different concentration (15,20and 25%) showed a bactericidal activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria with variable degrees
The present investigation studied bee venom collecting effect on the behavior of honeybee colonies such as (Hygienic and hoarding honeybees behavior, queen right and queen less). Hygienic behavior, the positive effect of using bee venom collection method on hygienic behavior, that increased this behavior (22%) of honey bee worker cells, Apis mellifera,while hoarding behavior in honey bees, Apis mellifera L., statistical analysis that there was no significant difference between before and after treatment in four colonies. on the other hand, there was an increase in feed conception after treatment, it that seems to the alarming or stimulation of worker honey bee by electrical impulses from bee venom collector so, it increasing the worker hoarding behavior. The queen less had negative effect on venom quantity, and there was positive relation between the number of combs and venom quantity. The relationship between certain characters of honey bee colonies (i.e. stored pollen, stored honey yield and areas, bee population, brood, and foraging activities) and bee venom produced by electrical impulses and quantity of bee venom which collected from colonies variability at different periods of active season showed significant variations in the venom amounts collected at different periods of active season.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.