A gradual loss of function in the balance system may begin in the fourth decade of life. The effects of this process become visible in old age, when problems with postural stability contribute to falls, making it an important social problem. Early detection of this dysfunction is essential for minimizing the risk of age-related falls, one of the main causes of hospitalization or even death in older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic factors that may result in the deterioration in postural stability and determine the age range in which the first changes in stability occur. The study included healthy non-sporting adults aged from 20 to 70 years. Four tests based on the Biodex Balance System were used to determine static postural stability, dynamic postural stability, risk of falling and stability limits. The obtained results showed that dysfunctions of dynamic balance appeared significantly earlier than static balance dysfunctions, i.e. as early as at 50 years of age, and then gradually increased. Higher BMI and the percentage and absolute fat content significantly increased the risk of falls and also adversely affected the results of dynamic stability tests.
Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein from the transferrin family, which has been identified in most biological fluids as secretions from exocrine glands and the content of specific granules of neutrophils. It has been reported to have numerous functions. Due to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, the lactoferrin plays significant role in host defense against infection and extreme inflammation. Recent studies have also demonstrated that LF can protect against cancer in experimental animals and has anticarcinogenic activity in many human tumors. At the cellular level, LF modulates the proliferation, differentiation, maturation, activation, migration and function of immune cells. This review presents the multifunctional roles and specific beneficial properties of lactoferrin.
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the potential factors of hypermobility and pain threshold on the risk of injury in physically active students and to verify which domains of quality of life are rated lower by young people with a history of injuries. Methods: The study included 278 students (138 women and 140 men) who regularly undertake physical activity. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, pain threshold, incidence of hypermobility syndrome, information on the history of injuries to the locomotor system, and the quality of life of the study participants were collected. Results: In the group studied, hypermobility and pain threshold had a statistically significant related on the risk of injury. Participants with a history of injuries had lower scores for an individual’s overall perception of their own health and the physical domain. There were also significant differences in the psychological domain of the quality of life between males and females with a history of injuries. Conclusion: In the studied group, the risk of injuries was related to diagnosed hypermobility and pain threshold measured on the lower limbs. The study also showed that people with a history of injuries had statistically significantly lower scores in the individual general perception of their own health and in the physical domain. Gender had a significant impact on the quality of life of people with injuries.
Management of a sport and recreational facility aims at effective use of potential of a given infrastructure. Today, a sport and recreation facility must be not only technically modern, but also adapted to the changing needs of the customers. The disparity between goals set by service providers stems from the fact that efforts are made, on the one hand, to achieve satisfaction from financial results, and on the other, to implement the social objective of a sport and recreation facility that may contravene rational efficiency and economic performance. The aim of this article was the evaluation of sport and recreation facilities by people managing them within Poznań in the aspect of the economic factor, competitiveness, and policy pursued in the sport and recreation sector by the authorities of the Poznań City Hall. In order to achieve this aim, interview surveys were conducted among 38 people managing selected sport and recreation facilities. The performed statistical analysis shows that that all factors studied are important in the proper functioning of sport and recreation facilities. The determination of service prices is mostly affected by the costs of running a sport and recreation facility and prices offered by competition. A point of concern is that only 40% of the respondents positively evaluated the policy conducted by the City Council in the sports and recreation sector.
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