Abstract. Human papillomavirus (HpV) is widely accepted as the main cause of cervical cancer. However, the presence of HpV DnA does not inescapably lead to the development of the cancerous phenotype of the infected cell. therefore, it is considered that the induction of full cancerous expression of HpV requires additional cofactors. the aim of this study was to assess the expression of estrogen receptor α (erα) and progesterone receptor (pr) in archived tissue blocks of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and to ascertain whether expression of these receptors is associated with the presence of HpV DnA. the investigation was performed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical cancer specimens obtained from 250 women who underwent surgery for histologically confirmed neoplastic lesions. the control group consisted of normal cervical tissues obtained from 50 patients who underwent myomectomy. the results of this study revealed that the expression of er and pr in planoepithelial cancers and adenocarcinomas of the cervix were decreased to undetectable levels. only in singular cases in the pattern of staining the expression of er and pr was noted.In stromal cells of the tested neoplasms, higher expression of both types of receptors was found. comparison of the expression of er and pr in the staining pattern and stroma of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcioma of the cervix, showed statistically higher expression in the stromal cells. strong expression (+1, +2, +3) of er and pr was noted in the stromal cells irrespective of HpV infection, histopathological type of cancer, and clinical and histopathological grade.

Abstract:The key features of malignant neoplasms are their local invasiveness and metastatic potential. Syndecan-1 -integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan and cathepsins D and K -lysosomal proteases are important factors influencing different aspects of these processes. The study was undertaken to determine their expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and analyze relationship to selected clinicopathological features as well as to survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 39 advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were used for immunohistochemical staining. The epithelial and stromal staining were evaluated separately and compared to conventional clinicopathological features and one-year survival. Positive epithelial immunostaining for syndecan-1, cathepsin D and K were observed in 82.05%, 56.41% and 30.77% of tumors, respectively. However, stromal staining was noted in 51.28%, 51.28% and 46.15% ones, respectively. Epithelial syndecan-1-positive cases were significantly more frequent in well-and moderately differentiated carcinomas. Stromal cathepsin D expression predominated in tumors with infiltrative growth pattern. However, there were no statistically significant differences between any marker-positive and -negative groups with respect to other clinicopathological features studied. The only factors significantly influencing one-year survival were epithelial cathepsin D staining and distant metastasis. In a group of patients who survived one year post surgery, the percentage of cases with negative epithelial cathepsin D staining and without features of distant metastasis were higher. The results may suggest a relationship between syndecan-1 and cathepsins D and K with growth and invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but such thesis requires further study on a larger and more heterogeneous population.

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