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This paper aims to analyze the impacts and possible changes that the implementation of a new

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the levels, tendencies and sociodemographic differentials of condom use among the Brazilian urban population. METHODS:The data analyzed was collected in 1998 and 2005, in the study, "Sexual Behavior and Perceptions of the Brazilian Population concerning HIV/ Aids". The probabilistic samples, in multiple stages, included men and women aged 16 to 65 years old, living in urban areas. Interviews with individuals that had been sexually active during the 12 months preceding the interview were included in the analysis. The univariate models were based on chi-square tests, corrected by sample planning, and odds ratio calculations; multivariate analysis involved adjustment of logistic regression models, controlling all other interest variables. RESULTS:There was a signifi cant increase in the use of condoms in the 12 months preceding the interview and at the last sexual intercourse. Young people from 16 to 24 years of age protected themselves more in sexual intercourse, particularly with eventual partners. Men used condoms more frequently only when they had an eventual partner. The use of condoms was more frequent among single people. There were no regional differences with respect to the consistent use of the condom. In stable relationships Pentecostals reveal the least amount of protection in sexual intercourse. People who have no religious affi liation or adepts of other religions have higher rates of protection. Level of education, an important differential with respect to the use of condoms in 1998, maintained its prominence in 2005. CONCLUSIONS:The results indicate the need for greater in depth discussion concerning actions that are geared towards increasing the consistent use of condoms, particularly among populations with lower educational levels and those that are more vulnerable, such as young women or women in stable relationships.

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IntroduçãoNo Brasil, assim como em outros países, com a fecundidade em transição ou quase em seu final, a educação e o rendimento se apresentam negativamente correlacionados com o nível da fecundidade. Com a queda desta última, apesar de certa tendência de convergência nas taxas entre os grupos socioeconômicos, observa-se que a fecundidade ainda mantém um diferencial bastante elevado entre as mulheres pertencentes às categorias extremas destes grupos populacionais. Assim, apesar de a taxa de fecundidade de período (TFT) ter alcançado nível abaixo da reposição entre 2000 e 2010, chegando de fato a 1,9 filho por mulher em média, em 2010, conforme dados do Censo Demográfico, não é surpreendente encontrar variações importantes em torno dessa média nacional, diante da diversidade de comportamentos e diferenças no acesso aos meios contraceptivos e de interrupção da gravidez.Em trabalhos anteriores, Berquó e Cavenaghi (2004; 2005) buscaram quantificar, localizar e qualificar os grupos que já se encontravam com fecundidade abaixo do nível de reposição e aqueles que ainda estavam com taxas de fecundidade elevadas, no período de 1991 a 2000. Para atualizar estas informações e entender as tendências recentes dos diferenciais de fecundidade no Brasil, as autoras desenvolvem o projeto Mapeamento socioeconômico e demográfico dos regimes de fecundidade no Brasil em 2010, 1 usando os dados dos Censos Demográficos. No entanto, devido a mudanças importantes no contexto socioeconômico e alteração na informação sobre escolaridade coletada no censo mais recente, algumas decisões metodológicas tiveram que ser consideradas e analisadas.

Este artigo analisa os dados sobre fecundidade no Brasil apresentados na PNAD 2004, que confirmou a tendência de queda. Sustenta-se que, nos próximos anos, reduções possam ocorrer nos segmentos menos favorecidos da população, responsáveis pelas mais expressivas quedas no número médio de filhos por mulher.

A nationwide effort to introduce the female condom (FC) into public health services was undertaken in Brazil in 1998-99. To this end, the Ministry of Health sponsored a national research group of public health professionals, aided by local field workers and supervisors, to conduct a preparatory study at 20 sites in six cities. Clinic health workers were trained to conduct the study. Following an educational session, 2382 women volunteered to use the FC and to report their experiences at follow-up. Among those seen at 15 days, 1782 had used the FC at least once; among those seen at the 90-day follow-up, 1453 women had used it at least once, while 1296 of them liked it and wished to continue its use. Among these 1296 women, barrier use at last intercourse (either with a male or a female condom) was more than double at 90 days what it had been at baseline: 70% compared with 33%. Clinics providing active health-education activities achieved higher rates of follow-up and of FC acceptability. These findings suggest that in Brazil, the introduction of the FC at public health centres could lead to high initial adoption rates and that continued use would be effective in encouraging safer sex. The level of health education and type of clinic are likely to influence the effectiveness of a future programme.