The aim of this study was to analyze trends and factors associated with food insecurity in Brazil in 2004, 2009, and 2013, using microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). Food insecurity was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Independent variables were selected from a conceptual model of determination of food insecurity, which was also used in the elaboration of multiple generalized linear models. The results show a downward trend in food insecurity prevalence from 2004 to 2013, especially for moderate and severe food insecurity, from 17% in 2004 (95%CI: 15.7-18.4) to 7.9% in 2013 (95%CI: 7.2-8.7). Despite important decreases in the prevalence of moderate and severe food insecurity, regardless of the level of determination, the population strata with the lowest prevalence in 2004 showed the largest relative reduction. As for factors associated with moderate and severe food insecurity, they remained the same in the ten years covered by the PNAD survey, namely: the North and Northeast regions, urban areas with inadequate sanitation, household density > 2 persons per bedroom, ≤ 4 household durable consumer goods, and households headed by females, individuals < 60 years, and non-whites, ≤ 4 years of schooling, and being unemployed. From 2004 to 2013, the prevalence of Brazilian households with moderate and severe food insecurity dropped by half, but from the perspective of equity the advances occurred unequally and were lower in strata with greater social, economic, and demographic vulnerability.
BackgroundIn Brazil, population-based researches analyzing prevalence and factors
associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), a recognized predictor of
cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and an important cause of disability and
death in the country are scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate prevalence of MS and its associated factors in Brazilian
population.MethodsSecondary analysis of the 2013 National Health Survey, a cross-sectional
survey with national representativeness of Brazilian adult population (n =
59,402). MS was the outcome variable, defined from harmonization of
cardiology international consensus as load ≥ 3 of the following
components: self-reported diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, high blood
pressure and high waist circumference. Analysis were stratified by sex and
prevalence ratios, with their respective 99% confidence intervals (PR
[CI 99%]) calculated by simple and multiple Poisson regression
models.ResultsMS prevalence was 8.9%, being significantly higher among women compared to
men; in general, this pattern was maintained in relation to exposure
variables studied. Additionally, less than 25% of population did not present
any MS component. In final multiple models, sociodemographic, behavioral and
comorbidity variables were associated with MS, however, while low schooling
(1.46 [1.23-1.74], cerebrovascular accident (1.36
[1], 00] (1.28 [1.03-1.62]) were
associated among women, chronic renal failure (1.85
[2.23-2.76]) was associated exclusively among men.ConclusionWe identified MS high prevalence in Brazilian population; on the other hand,
factors associated with this condition were different depending on sex.
Objective:To evaluate the nutritional status of schoolchildren, resident in a semiarid
region in the Northeastern Brazil.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study, involving 860 children and adolescents aged from
5-19 years-old, enrolled in three public schools in the county. The selection of
schools was non-probabilistic type and unintentional. The initial population,
which integrated the database, was composed by 1,035 children and teenagers, and
175 students (16.9%) were excluded because of inconsistency in the anthropometric
data, resulting in a sample of 860 students. The following outcomes were
considered: stunting (malnutrition), overweight and obesity (overweight), being
the height/age and body mass index/age (BMI/Age), indices respectively used.
Children and adolescents with height <-2 standard deviations and overweight and
obese weight z score ≥1 were considered stunted. The statistical analysis was
descriptive.Results:The prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity was 9.1% and 24.0%,
respectively. Overweight and stunting were higher in adolescents aged 15 and over,
compared to other age groups analyzed. In relation to gender, malnutrition
presented itself in a similar way, but overweight was more frequent among females.
Conclusions:The results revealed that excess weight, here represented by the sum of overweight
and obesity, was more prevalent than stunting (malnutrition), highlighting the
urgent need for attention to this problem in order to design interventions capable
of contributing to the improvement of schoolchildren nutritional status.
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