Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski in Defense of the Rights of the Nation The impulse to refer to the personal exemplar of Primate Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński and his teachings about the nation and family are the tendencies of moral relativism present in social life, resulting from the belief that only effectiveness and practical usefulness determine what is true and what is good. Seeing in this the threat of a return to „the only right and true doctrine”, which in truth is no longer the ideology of Marxism-Leninism, but destructive views opposing national culture, I consider it justified to recall one of the most outstanding Poles of the 20th century, for whom the good of Poland and Poles were the primary defense of human rights and the right of the nation to independence and justice. He tried to bring to light those values inherent in the nation that could effectively resist these growing threats. These defenses were cited as particularly valuable for the life of the nation and the Church in a totalitarian state that is striving to objectify and incapacitate the individual. However, faith combined with the morality of the Nation formed by the Church contributed to the maintenance of national unity and allowed it to survive in the conditions of communist restrictions. In order to release the Nation from the supremacy of communist ideology, the Primate of the Millennium did not hesitate to confront this system. Even his arrest and imprisonment did not discourage him from serving God and the Homeland. His nobility of heart, bravery of spirit and determination to defend the rights of the nation made him a hero who will not be forgotten!
The thematic scope of the article is related to the re-edition of the book by Fr. Michał Sopoćka, entitled – Family in legislation in the Polish Lands (Ethical and legal study), published in Vilnius in 1926. This is the published version of the doctoral dissertation on the basis of which Fr. Michał Sopoćko, received a doctorate in theology on March 1, 1926. The article does not pretend to be a comprehensive study of the issue contained in the title, it is only an attempt to draw attention to the topicality of the issue of the family raised by Fr. Sopoćko in his doctoral dissertation and the need to continue this issue in the context of legislation and ethics, and Christian morality. The reference to the family theory of Fr. Michał Sopocko – a zealous priest, theologian, social worker, servant of God, it is all the more justified that in the era of strong ideological, worldview, propaganda and ideological tendencies against the national and Christian culture, the 20th / 21st century family found itself in the face of difficult problems – there is even talk of a family crisis. Formerly hidden are coming to light: violence, harassment on various grounds, psychological torment, and even sexual violence against children, incest and crimes of infanticide. Hence, the reference to the Christian model of a family created on the basis of a humanistic approach to human existence is becoming particularly important today and – perhaps – most needed by people. It allows us to strive for the place and right of existence of the Christian vision of the world, the image of man and the Christian system of values in the public space. The more so because Fr. Michał Sopoćko, as an apostle of the truth and worship of Divine Mercy, recognized the truth about man, marriage and family on the basis of the intellectual tradition of personalism and Christian culture. Father Michał Sopoćko pointed out that without the family, its concern for education and service to life, there is no development of the nation and the Church.
The aim of the article is to draw attention to the fate of the children of Ukraine unlawfully attacked by Russia on February 24, 2022. The invaders fire at residential districts, hospitals, kindergartens, schools, old people’s homes, as well as critical infrastructure facilities, such as the nuclear power plant in Enerhodaar. The war in Ukraine entails a huge humanitarian catastrophe. The situation of vulnerable people is particularly dramatic: babies, children, pregnant women and those who already suffer from various diseases and ailments. Ukrainian children call on Vladimir Putin to end the war and ask for peace and explain that they do not want to die! They want to live normally, learn, dance and sing.
Celem artykułu jest analiza konserwatywnych aspektów myśli społeczno-wychowawczej Adama Skwarczyńskiego, czołowego ideologa pracy wychowawczej obozu piłsudczykowskiego. Jego dziełem jest organizacja podstaw wychowawczych i ideologicznych tego ugrupowania, podjął trud zbudowaniaideowych fundamentów wychowanianowego w Polsce człowieka. Wskazał, jak wielkie są granice człowieczeństwa, jak nieograniczona moc ludzkiego ducha. To on już w 1922 w programowym numerze piłsudczykowskiego pisma „Droga” zapoczątkował „polską rewolucję konserwatywną”. Jako autor „Myśli o nowej Polsce” głosił uzdrowienie moralne i konieczność rozwijania w społeczeństwie zmysłu państwowego. Popierał skrzydło konserwatywne obozu sanacji i cenił element tradycji, uznając że „naród jest przede wszystkim tworem państwa i wspólnej historii jego obywateli”.Tradycja jego zdaniem – to po pierwsze idea, która stanowi trwałą podstawę samowiedzy narodu, a po drugie jest też ideą rewolucyjną. W dorobku przeszłości „widział moc obowiązującą dla przyszłości”. Zaś opierając się na wskazaniu Piłsudskiego „Idź i czyń”, stworzył tzw. ideologię czynu, będącą podstawą koncepcji społeczno – wychowawczej. W konsekwencji myśl konserwatywna Skwarczyńskiego krystalizowała się wokół kategorii narodu, państwa, tradycji i czynu. Nieomylność jego osądów moralnych daje mu niesłychaną siłę autorytetu i zachęca do zgłębiania jego myśli ideologicznej. Tym bardziej, że wielu współczesnych nam polskich zachowawców częściej sięga po teksty amerykańskich libertarian i neokonserwatystów niż po pisma polskie - choćby Skwarczyńskiego, który odwoływał się „do państwa jako politycznej całości, wokół której powinien ogniskować się namysł konserwatywny”. Głosił, że optymalnym rozwiązaniem byłoby spotkanie inicjatywy społecznej „z dołu” z władzą państwową „z góry”. W tym kontekście trudno się dziwić, że według R. Scrutona „postawa konserwatywna jak nigdy dotąd nadaje się dla nowoczesnego umysłu”. Conservative Aspects of Social and Educational Thought of Adam Skwarczyński The aim of this article is to analyze the conservative aspects of the social and educational thought of Adam Skwarczyński, the leading ideologist of the educational work of the Piłsudski’s camp. His achievement was the creation of the educational and ideological foundations of this group. He has also made an effort to build the ideological foundations of the education of “a new man in Poland.” He pointed out how great are the limits of humanity, how unlimited is the power of the human spirit. It was he who started the “Polish conservative revolution” in the program issue of the Piłsudski’s magazine Droga already in 1922. As the author of Thoughts about a new Poland, he proclaimed moral healing and the need to develop a sense of the state in society. He supported the conservative wing of the Sanacja camp and appreciated the element of tradition, recognizing that “the nation is first and foremost product of the state and the common history of its citizens.” In his opinion, tradition is, firstly, an idea that constitutes a permanent basis of the nation’s self-knowledge, and secondly, it is also a revolutionary idea. In the achievements of the past, “he saw the power of the future.” And based on Piłsudski’s indication of “Go and do,” he created the so-called ideology of the act, which is the basis of the socio-educational concept. As a consequence, Skwarczyński’s conservative thought crystallized around the category of nation, state, tradition and deed. The infallibility of his moral judgments gives him unbelievable power of authority and encourages him to explore his ideological thought. All the more so because many contemporary Polish conservatives more often reach for texts by American libertarians and neoconservatives than for Polish writings – for example Skwarczyński, who referred “to the state as a political entity, around which a conservative reflection should focus.” He proclaimed that the optimal solution would be a meeting of the social initiative “from below” with the state authorities “from above.” In this context, it is hardly surprising that, according to Roger Scruton, “a conservative attitude is better suited to the modern mind as never before.”
The aim of the article was to describe the fate of Polish children under the Soviet totalitarianism in 1939–1941. It gave rise to expansive militarization, leading to horrific crimes, deportation and enslavement. The death machine of Stalin’s power did not spare the children. The ruling regime was equally ruthless and criminal towards children. Not only were the basic laws of war not respected, but also the most basic human rights. The Soviet occupier deprived Polish children of the right to education, the right to normal physical development, the right to organize any form of social life, the right to their own nationality, and the right to life. In the 21st century, children in Europe are again victims of the aggressive actions of the Russian Federation, the former Soviet Union. It seemed that the cruelty and barbarity of World War II prompted reflection and the natural process of thinking about counteracting physical and psychological violence. Meanwhile, it turns out that the criminal and barbaric actions of the aggressors – the Soviets and Germans of the last century – have been forgotten by the whole world, which is being used by Russia, which has made the reconstruction of its former empire its main goal. The implementation of these plans is terrifying, especially since the Kremlin leader is threatening the world with the use of chemical and nuclear weapons after the illegal invasion of Ukraine.
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