Food production industry is the main producer of wastewaters with high fat, oil, and grease (FOG) content. FOG waste can be recovered from the wastewater stream by using physicochemical methods and reused considering their high methane potential. Popular method of FOG reuse is anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) with wastewater treatment sludge and scum from the primary wastewater sedimentation tanks. This short review focuses on understanding the efficiency of FOG reuse possibilities by AcoD and takes a closer look at problems connected to degradation issues, gives an understanding on microbial changes during FOG degradation, and reviews enzymes involved in the degradation process.
Second-generation biofuel production from grassland biomass is getting more and more popular as a research topic. A zero-to-low waste production strategy is one of the core ideas in the technology design. Biogas production from lignocellulose is one of the promising components in technology development, which can solve the upcoming remaining lignocellulose problems. This study is looking into lignocellulose leftovers after sugar extraction as a substrate for anaerobic digestion enhancing the fermentation process with surfactant usage. Biomethane potential tests were used to test the remaining biomass. It has relatively high biomethane potential up to 378.31 mlCH4•gVS -1 , but enzymatic hydrolyses leftovers show the substrate toxicity characteristics at a concentration higher than 2.5% from total volatile solids loaded. The biomethane formation inhibition process can be related to an increase in phenol concentration, ethic was measured using the colorimetric analyses method, although it is not the only factor that is leaving an influence on the fermentation process. The study shows biodegradable surface-active substance positive influence on the used substrate biomethane potential increasing it on average by 50%. There was no evidence found on the different positive effects for surfactants with different chemical structures.
Incorporation of various alternative resources as co-digestion substrates aids to reduce the consumption of agricultural crops for biogas production. However, the efficiency and limitations of these co-substrates is still not fully understood. Use of biomass waste remaining after enzymatic hydrolysis for high value chemical fermentation, meat processing and dairy wastewater primary sludge as co-substrates in an agricultural resource anaerobic digestion plant is tackled within this study. The results showed that anionic surfactants (<200 ppm) can be used to improve fat, oil and grease (FOG) solubility in water and, at the same time, enhance the biomethane potential of FOG-containing sludge by increasing it from 1374.5 to 1765 mLCH4/gVS for meat processing wastewater primary sludge, and from 534 to 740 mLCH4/gVS for dairy wastewater primary sludge, when agricultural digestate is used as a substrate and sludge loading is not more than 10% from the volatile solids loaded. At the same time, only 549.7 mLCH4/gVS was produced as 30-day BMP when 5% biomass hydrolysis waste was used. Biomass hydrolysis waste co-digestion with primary sludge from dairy and meat processing wastewaters has an antigenic effect, and separate substrate anaerobic digestion gave a better results, thus, showing that excessive combination of various waste resources can be inhibitory for biogas production and the appropriate substrate selection and combination is a technical challenge for the biogas industry.
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