Due to their excellent properties, the requirement for materials with higher characteristics has transformed primary alloy into composite materials. Composites are particularly essential for various applications in numerous engineering purposes because of their superior mechanical, physical, and machining qualities. Compared to traditional materials, aluminum composite has various advantages and superior characteristics. To reduce production costs and obtain the desired properties, the researchers developed a hybrid aluminum matrix composite (HAMC), an AMC with two or more types of reinforcement. Further studies were conducted to improve the qualities and manufacturing processes of composites to improve their properties. Various methods are available to HAMC manufacturing, and different manufacturing methods result in different characteristics of HAMC composites, viewed from physical properties, mechanical properties, and production cost. In addition, differences in the type, size, and amount of reinforcement produce various hybrid composite properties, especially in the physical properties, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of HAMC. This work presents a comprehensive review of recent progress in HAMC study with various reinforcement particles, manufacturing techniques, physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of HAMC. On the other side, this work provides discussion for application, challenges, and future work conducted for HAMC development.
Indonesia has an ambitious national energy goal of developing electric vehicles (EVs). Electric vehicles can be a solution to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector. So this research has an important role in directing the right policies to realize these targets. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the people of Surakarta to buy an electric car. The research sample is the people of Surakarta as many as 348 people. The test results were analyzed using multiple linear regression method with analysis using SPSS version 25. The results of this study indicate that gender, education level, and people's income affect the willingness to buy electric cars. These factors together have an effect of 16.5% on the willingness to pay for an electric car. In addition, the average WTP value for purchasing electric cars is estimated to be around Rp. 179,885,058.00.
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