Eleven known prenyl xanthones, isolated from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana, were tested for their ability to inhibit the phosphorylation of kinase domain receptor (KDR) tyrosine kinase. α-Mangostin was found to inhibit phosphorylation of KDR. α-Mangostin also showed to inhibit phosphorylation of the Y1175 residue of KDR (10 μM). This is the first report that α-mangostin inhibited the phosphorylation of KDR tyrosine kinase and also the Y1175 residue of KDR. α-Mangostin also showed inhibitory effects on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (IC(50) 1.2 μM) and human umbilical artery endothelial cells (IC(50) 2.4 μM), as well as the migration (IC(50) 0.034 μM) and tubule formation (at the concentrations of 0.6 and 1.2 μM) of HUVECs. These results suggest that the inhibition of the phosphorylation of KDR tyrosine kinase is concerned in the anti-angiogenic activity of α-mangostin.

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In this report, the roasted Arabica coffees obtained from 4 Indonesian regions were analyzed with 1H NMR based-metabolomics. In total, 23 compounds were detected in the coffee 1H NMR spectra. Orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLSDA) model successfully classified metabolites of the coffees based on their origins. S-plots of two-classes partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) models successfully identified discriminant metabolites for every coffee. Chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, arabinoses were found as the discriminant compounds for Preanger-Java coffee. Lipids, acetic acid and lactic acid were discovered as the characteristic metabolites for Gayo-Sumatra coffee. γ-quinide was found as the most important marker for Bajawa-Flores coffee. Meanwhile, Toraja-Sulawesi coffee were characterized with a balance chemical composition indicating its well-balanced taste. The findings revealed the diversity of Indonesian Arabica coffees and shed more light on scientific information of Indonesian coffees.

A new phenolic sesquiterpene, dysoxyphenol (1), and the known sesquiterpene, 7R,10S-2-hydroxycalamenene (2), were isolated from the acetone extract of Dysoxylum densiflorum seeds. The structures of these compounds were determined based on physical, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and mass spectral data. Both compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal properties against seven pathogenic bacteria and two wood-rotting fungi, respectively. The results showed that both compounds have significant antibacterial properties only against Bacillus subtilis (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 28 μM), while in the antifungal evaluation compound 1 was found to be more active than compound 2. Therefore, compound 1 has promising antifungal properties that can be developed further for finding new antifungal agents.

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