The results of this study suggest that the carriage of the Arg/Arg genotype could be associated with the development of distal GC in this Mexican population.

No abstract

In this paper, the encryption improvement via modulation of the fractional order chaotic oscillators state variables, is presented. A network of N-coupled fractional order Lü chaotic oscillators, is synchronized. A voice message is encrypted via additive encryption, by using a state variable of the synchronized network. The selected state variable is modulated and used to encrypt the message again. The results are compared.

Triple therapy with rabeprazole, amoxicillin and ofloxacin by 14 days was efficient for H. pylori eradication and therefore deserves further study. The same regimen prescribed for 7 days had a significantly lower and unacceptable cure rate and should not be used.

Synchronization of multiple chaotic oscillators in Hamiltonian form is numerically studied and is achieved by appealing to complex systems theory [1][2][3][4][5]. The topology that we consider is the irregular coupled network. Two cases are considered: i) chaotic synchronization without master oscillator (where the final collective behaviour is a new chaotic state) and ii) chaotic synchronization with master oscillator (where the final collective behaviour is imposed by the dynamics of the master oscillator to multiple slave oscillators). The Hysteretic and Rössler chaotic oscillators in Hamiltonian form will be used as examples.

Infections by Gram-negative multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial species are difficult to treat using available antibiotics. Overuse of carbapenems has contributed to widespread resistance to these antibiotics; as a result, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), A. baumannii (CRAB), and P. aeruginosa (CRPA) have become common causes of healthcare-associated infections. Carbapenems, tigecycline, and colistin are the last resource antibiotics currently used; however, multiple reports of resistance to these antimicrobial agents have been documented worldwide. Recently, new antibiotics have been evaluated against Gram-negatives, including plazomicin (a new aminoglycoside) to treat CRE infection, eravacycline (a novel tetracycline) with in vitro activity against CRAB, and cefiderocol (a synthetic conjugate) for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia by carbapenem-non-susceptible Gram-negative isolates. Furthermore, combinations of known β-lactams with recently developed β-lactam inhibitors, such as ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-tazobactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam, has been suggested for the treatment of infections by extended-spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases, and AmpC producer bacteria. Nonetheless, they are not active against all carbapenemases, and there are reports of resistance to these combinations in clinical isolates.This review summarizes and discusses the in vitro and clinical evidence of the recently approved antibiotics, β-lactam inhibitors, and those in advanced phases of development for treating MDR infections caused by Gram-negative multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial species.

We determined the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis isolates to evaluate its potential impact on pertussis reemergence in a population of Mexico. Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases were included. Pertussis infection was confirmed by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Selected B. pertussis isolates were further analysed; i.e. clonality was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ptxP-ptxA, prn, fim2 and fim3 typing was performed by PCR and sequencing. Out of 11 864 analysed samples, 687 (5.8%) were positive for pertussis, with 244 (36%) confirmed by both culture and PCR whereas 115 (17%) were positive only by culture and 328 (48%) were positive only by PCR. One predominant clone (clone A, n = 62/113; 55%) and three major subtypes (A1, A2 and A3) were identified by PFGE. All 113 selected isolates had the allelic combination ptxP3-ptxA1. The predominant clone A and the three major subtypes (A1, A2 and A3) corresponded to the emerging genotypes ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-2 and ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-1. In conclusion, the presence of an endemic clone and three predominant subtypes belonging to the genotypes ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-2 and ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-1 were detected. This finding supports the global spread/expansion reported for these outbreaks associated genotypes.

Background: Nasturtium officinale is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat respiratory infections such as tuberculosis. In previous studies, it was found that the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of N. officinale showed good activity against one sensitive and four drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strains. Therefore, the present research was focused on the fractionation and identification of the antimycobacterial principles of this species. Material and Methods: The chloroform extract was prepared and fractionated by column chromatography using silica gel and gradient of chloroform/methanol, yielding 14 fractions. Each fraction was analyzed by thin-layer chlromatography under UV light. The obtained fractions were further tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using Alamar blue microassay. Results: Of the 14 fractions assayed, only fractions 3 to 5 showed good inhibitory activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The chemical composition of three fractions by GC-MS led to the identification of E-phytol as the most abundant and common component. Conclusion: Antimycobacterial properties of the three active fractions were attributed to E-phytol and palmitic acid.