Algae–bacteria interactions play an important role in water ecosystems. In this work, the BS2-15 algicidal strain was isolated from the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal and identified as Bacillus mycoides on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing, its described ultrastructure, and biochemical properties. B. mycoides BS2-15 was demonstrated to have a strong algicidal effect against a freshwater diatom culture of Ulnaria acus, inhibiting its growth and increasing frustules fragility. By analyzing the impact of bacterial filtrate onto the cells of U. acus, we demonstrated that perhaps an algicidal compound is produced by bacteria independently in the presence of diatoms in a medium. Using methods of TUNEL and confocal microscopy, we revealed that the bacterial algicidal effect on the diatom cells results in DNA fragmentation, nucleus destruction, and neutral lipid accumulation. This phenomenon highlights the complexity of algae–bacteria interactions and their potential role in regulating water ecosystem microbial populations.
Abstract. The review is devoted adaptations of diatom under environmental changes and stress factors. Life cycle of diatoms is influenced by various environmental changes, including changes in light intensity, temperature, nutrient availability, and exposure to infochemicals, algicidal bacteria, and viruses. During evolution diatoms have evolved many molecular pathways to respond to stress factors: altering their metabolism to react on abiotic stressors, or producing secondary metabolites to protect themselves from competitors and predators. Prolonged exposure to a stress factor leads to a variety of disorders in cells oxidative stress, disruption of photosynthesis, mitochondrial function, protein folding, resulting in cell death. It is assumed that these mechanisms have allowed diatoms to adapt to a variety of conditions and successfully exist in ecosystems for many millions of years.
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