Background. Complexity of anatomical structure, diversity of clinical pattern, lack of a unified theory of etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of this pathology, individual aspects of the course of the disease complicate the diagnosis and choice of relevant treatment for patients with various nosological forms of the temporomandibular joint diseases.Clinical case description. Patient P., 32 years-old, went to the clinic of orthopaedic dentistry with complaints of noise phenomena in the temporomandibular joint (clicks in the joint area have been registered for five years, the noise increased six months ago), dental crowding, absence of tooth 3.5. The patient underwent clinical examination with creating diagnostic models, electromyography of the masticatory muscles, axiography, computed tomography and MRI of the temporomandibular joint. Through computed magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint, electromyography and axiography the patient was accurately diagnosed with deforming arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint complicated by dislocation of the intra-articular disc. A therapeutic-diagnostic plastic milled splint on the mandible was implemented. Dynamic observation during treatment was carried out. The effect of the treatment was observed after three months. The control cone-beam computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint showed positive dynamics in the form of an even expansion of all regions of the joint cavity on both sides, centered position of the heads of mandible in the mandibular fossa, but the cortical bone destruction of the upper contour of the mandibular head on the left was still present. After six months of treatment, electromyograms showed a decrease in bioelectrical activity at rest and an increase in bioelectrical activity during chewing on all the masticatory muscles within normal limits. The re-examination after six months revealed smoother vertical movements of the lower jaw, an increase in the amplitude of laterotrusion and protrusion, their symmetry, no “blockage” of lower jaw movements.Conclusion. An integrated application of radiologic imaging, electromyography and axiography in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint diseases is crucial for objective analysis of the results, assessment of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the masticatory muscles and lower jaw movements, which ultimately determines the optimal patient surveillance and controlled treatment outcomes.
Modern linguistics carries out an anthropocentric approach to language, referring to the study of cultural values of representatives of different ethnic groups and to the concepts of the material and inner world of man. The emphasis is shifted from studying the objects of knowledge to its subjects: an individual in language and language in an individual. The tradition of studying human language consciousness dates back to V. von Humboldt's idea of studying language in close connection with people and their culture. Among the methods of studying language consciousness is an associative experiment, which is a survey of informants, united by a common language, profession, territory of residence, etc. in order to identify their associations to a certain stimulus. These associative experiments are used to create associative dictionaries. During the research, associative experiments were conducted with 500 students from the city of Kazan native speakers of the Tatar language. The results were compared with the data from the Russian regional associative dictionary-thesaurus EURAS, posted on the website of the Institute of Linguistics. The analysis of the associative fields of the lexemes "keshe" in the Tatar language and "man" in the Russian language showed a fairly large percentage of similar strategies in answers, the reactions of respondents revealing the complex contradictory essence of man as a biological, social and psychological phenomenon. However, positive evaluative characteristics and associations, related to moral and ethical components in the meaning of the phrase "to be man", prevail to a greater extent among the speakers of the Tatar language. The reactions of Russian speakers are characterized by a variety of responses, caused by the influence of mass culture, as well as associations with negative connotations and reduced stylistic characteristics. The associative experiment allows us to reveal the systemic content of the consciousness image behind the word in different languages, and to confirm the uniqueness of the world image in every culture.
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