Puberty has a key role in bone development. During puberty, several nutritional and hormonal factors play a major role in this process. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in areal bone mineral density (BMD), gonadal steroids, bone formation markers, and growth parameters in healthy Turkish pubertal girls and boys at different pubertal stages. In additional, we aimed to detect the relationship between BMD, sex steroids, and growth parameters, and to reveal the most important determinant of BMD in the pubertal period. BMD of the lumbar spine and total body was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar DPX series) in 174 healthy pubertal children (91 girls, 83 boys), aged 11-15 years. Height and weight were measured. Pubertal stages were assesed. Bone formation markers and gonadal steroids were measured. BMD values significantly increased until stage IV in girls. In boys, BMD values also increased during puberty (P < 0.05), but it was significantly higher in stage IV compared with that in other pubertal stages (P < 0.01). Testosterone levels increased until stage IV in both sexes, particularly in boys. Estrogen levels significantly increased during puberty in girls, whereas it was significantly higher at stage IV in boys (P < 0.001). Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) level was higher in early and midpuberty, and decreased in late puberty in girls (P < 0.001). BAP level was higher in stage IV in boys. Osteocalcin level was shown not to change significantly in pubertal stages. There was a modest correlation between BMD values and estrogen and testosterone levels in boys. In girls, there was a correlation between BMD values and estrogen levels only (P < 0.05). Weight was significantly associated with BMD in both sexes (P < 0.05). Estrogen had a significant influence on BMD in boys and girls. In conclusion, bone mass increased throughout puberty in both sexes. Peak bone mass was not achieved in girls, but was obtained at stage IV in boys. Bone formation markers were good predictors of bone mass in girls, but not in boys. Estrogen level made the greatest contribution to bone mineral acquisition in boys and girls. The achievement of peak bone mass was sustained by estrogen in boys. The major independent determinant of BMD in both sexes was weight.
Background:
Theranostic oncology combines therapy and diagnosis and is a new field of medicine that
specifically targets the disease by using targeted molecules to destroy the cancerous cells without damaging the
surrounding healthy tissues.
Objective:
We aimed to develop a tool that exploits enzymatic TQ release from glucuronide (G) for the imaging
and treatment of lung cancer. We added magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to enable magnetic hyperthermia and
MRI, as well as 131I to enable SPECT imaging and radionuclide therapy.
Methods:
A glucuronide derivative of thymoquinone (TQG) was enzymatically synthesized and conjugated
with the synthesized MNP and then radioiodinated with 131I. New Zealand white rabbits were used in SPECT
and MRI studies while tumor modeling studies were performed 6–7-week-old nude mice utilized with
bioluminescence imaging.
Results:
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra
confirmed expected structures of TQG. The dimensions of nanoparticles were below 10 nm and they had rather
polyhedral shapes. Nanoparticles were radioiodinated with 131I with over 95% yield. In imaging studies, in
xenograft models, tumor volume was significantly reduced in TQGMNP-treated mice but not in non-treated
mice. Among mice treated intravenously with TQGMNP, xenograft tumor models disappeared after 10 and 15
days, respectively.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that TQGMNP in solid, semi-solid and liquid formulations can be developed
using different radiolabeling nuclides for applications in multimodality imaging (SPECT and MRI). By altering
the characteristics of radionuclides, TQGMNP may ultimately be used not only for diagnosis but also treatment
of various cancers as an in vitro diagnostic kit for the diagnosis of beta glucuronidase-rich cancers.
Pozitron emisyon tomografi/ bilgisayarlı tomografi onkolojik vakalarda tanı, evreleme, prognoz ve tedaviye yanıt için giderek artan kullanım alanına sahiptir. PET'in en büyük avantajı radyofarmasötik tutulumunu ölçebilmek ve en çok kullanılan parametre olan standardize tutulum değeri (SUV) şeklinde sayısal sonuç vermesidir. SUV hesaplamaları rekonstrükte edilmiş PET ve BT görüntülerinden elde edilir. 18F-FDG PET/BT bulgularından elde edilen semikantitatif ölçümler (SUV) benign-malign lezyon ayırımında en önemli parametrelerdir. SUV ölçüm farklılıkları, onkolojik hastalarda tedavi yanıtı ve tedavi planlaması için yarı kantitatif bir görüntüleme biyobelirteci olan PET tabanlı ölçümün klinik etkinliğini değiştirir.
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