Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of and to identify the possible risk factors associated with diabetes among the study population.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional community based study was carried out among 236 adults residing in Jabra area in Khartoum State in Sudan. Data were collected used pre tested structured questionnaire, and validated in a pilot study. The questionnaire included; socio-demographic data and possible risk factor such as (stress, physical exercise, history of pancreatic, history of renal problems and obesity). Anthropometric measurement included weight and height for BMI and laboratory data included random blood glucose (RBG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).Results: The present study showed, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults in Jabra area was 18.6%. There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence rate. The results showed there was statistical association between diabetes positivity and marital status, age groups, educational level and family income p-values =(0.0002, 0.0004, 0.0005 and 0.0053) respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated family history of diabetes, obesity, physical activity, renal problems and pancreatic diseases were other risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus positivity OR =(2.19 (95% CI 1.10 - 4.34, p =0.027), 3.11 (95% CI 1.13 – 8.56, p =0.0278), 0.28 (95% CI 0.11 - 0.75, p =0.0113), 7.42 (95% CI 2.00- 27.57, p =0.0028) and 12.18 (95% CI 2.28 - 65.1, p =0.0035) respectively.Conclusions: The study found a higher prevalence of diabetes among study population. Risk factors showed a significant relation with higher fasting blood glucose.

This is a descriptive cross -sectional community based study, was carried out among adults in Mayo area in Khartoum State -Sudan, aims to estimate the prevalence of and to identify the possible risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults. Data were collected from 397 participants (57.7% females and 42.3% males). Using a pre tested structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic characteristics such as (Sex, age group, marital status, monthly income, educational level, and family history of obesity), some possible risk factor such as (Number of meals per day, snacks, watching TV, sleeping, using appetizers, stress and physical exercise) and anthropometric measurement of weight and height to calculate the BMI. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults was 20.2% and 10.1% respectively. The results showed the overweight and obesity were more prevalent among females than males 25.3%, 13.1% and 13.5%, 5.3% respectively (P = 0.0001). The finding showed there was statistical association between overweight /or obesity and marital status, educational level, monthly income, number of meals snacks) P. values = (0.0011, 0.0001, 0.022, 0.0001 and 0.0004) respectively. Also physical activity, watching TV more than 3hours per day, using appietizers and sleeping for more than eight hours per day were considered as factors associated with overweight and obesity P. values = (0.011, 0.008, 0.0001 and 0.0001) respectively. The results showed there is no statistical relationship between age group and family history (P > 0.05).

The prolonged civil strife in the NorthWest Zone of Somalia (Somaliland) has hampered the development of social infrastructure and public health services. There are limited data on HIV/AIDS. In 2004, a sentinel HIV seroprevalence survey was conducted. Blood samples were collected from 1561 women attending antenatal care clinics, 249 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 243 people attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Samples were tested for syphilis and HIV. Overall HIV prevalence was 1.4%, significantly higher than that observed in many other countries in the Region. Prevalence was 1.2% among pregnant women 15-24 years, 12.3% among patients with STD and 5.6% among TB patients. The prevalence of syphilis was 1.3% in the pregnant women. Données issues d'une étude de séroprévalence prouvant le besoin d'une riposte complète contre le VIH/sida au nord-ouest de la Somalie RÉSUMÉ La longue guerre civile qu'a connu le nord ouest de la Somalie (Somaliland) a entravé le développement des infrastructures sociales et des services de santé publique. Il existe peu de données relatives au VIH/sida. En 2004, une étude sentinelle sur la séroprévalence du VIH a été menée. Des échantillons de sang ont été collectés auprès de 1561 femmes lors de consultations prénatales, de 249 patients atteints de tuberculose et de 243 personnes fréquentant des services spécialisés dans les maladies sexuellement transmissibles. Des tests de dépistage de la syphilis et du VIH ont été pratiqués sur ces échantillons. La prévalence globale du VIH était de 1,4 %, sensiblement plus élevée que dans de nombreux autres pays de la Région. Cette prévalence était de 1,2 % chez les femmes enceintes âgées de 15 à 24 ans, de 12,3 % parmi les patients souffrant de maladies sexuellement transmissibles et de 5,6 % chez ceux atteints de tuberculose. La prévalence de la syphilis était de 1,3 % chez les femmes enceintes.

Hepatitis C virus share razors. P values = (0.0001, 0.0031, 0.0001, 0.0018, 0.0005 and 0.0002) Results: Field workers interviewed ten dialysis centers with a total of 287 study subjects. Sixty out of 287 (20.9%) was found to be anti-HC reactive. The multivariate analysis indicated as risk factors associated to anti-HCV positivity the number of blood transfusion received, duration of dialysis treatment, number of units of treatment, history of surgeries, multiple injections and using

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Background: In Sudan, urinary schistosomiasis caused by S. haematobium is endemic in many areas of the country, mainly among school-age children. The study was done with the aim to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of S. haematobium among students at Al-Agali Islamic complex in Al-Kalakla- Sudan.Methods: A total of 102 students were participated. 10 ml of urine sample was taken from each participant, the samples were allowing it to sediment, a drop from sediment was taken and examined microscopically using x40 objective to identify S. haematobium. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and some risk factors. The data were analyzed used SPSS version20. Chi-square test was used to determine the significance differences between variables. The Odds ratio (OR) was applied with 95% CI.Results: The prevalence of S. haematobium among students was 12.7% (13/102). The results showed there was no statistical association between socio-demographic variables (Age group, parents’ education, monthly family income and family size) and S. haematobium positivity (p>0.05). Bivariate analysis showed; swimming in rivers (OR= 8.09, 95% CI=1.69-38.73, p=0.008), working in agriculture (OR= 4.42, 95% CI=1.25-15.55, p=0.020), past infection of S. haematobium (OR=4.87, 95% CI= 1.44- 16.45, P=0.010), pre-schistosoma treatment (OR=10.29, 95% CI=2.14-49.39, p=0.003) and don not knew mode of transmission (OR=10.72, 95% CI=1.33-86.01, p=0.025), statistically significant with S. hameatobium positivity.Conclusion: The S. haematobium is still prevalent among students in study area. Health education on the mode of transmission, possible risk factors and prevention is recommended.

A cluster randomized controlled trial, with two interventions (study arms) ) Long Lasting Insecticidal Treated Nets (LLIN) alone and a combination of Long Lasting Insecticidal Treated Nets plus Indoor