The transitional between Quaternary and Tertiary volcanic landscapes is characterized by very deep interlayered clays. The the study of clay occurrence at certain depth through geophysical application is not intensively studied yet. Our sampling site is located at Bompon Sub-watershed where the rotational landslide are freqwently occurred. This research aims to investigate the characteristics of clay layer that potentially become sliding surface of landslides using two-dimensional (2D) resistivity method. Resistivity survey using dipole-dipole configration was conducted above three types of rotational slides typically occurred in the study area. We also did field observation as well as laboratory measurement for supporting data interpretation. Three kinds of interlayered clay materials are clearly detectable from 2D resistivity sections under all bodies of landslides. Those materials are entirely categorized as clay but different on cracks structure and cracks density, soil moisture, total porosity, bulk density, and specific gravity. Based on its physical characteristics, the saturated clay located around 10 up to 20 meters in depth is the most likely becoming sliding surface of landslides. This result is useful for understanding the nature of rotational slides commonly occurred in the volcanic transitional landscapes in Indonesia.
Because geomorphological condition does not support the formation of good aquifer, the present of spring is becoming invaluable water resources for Wonogiri villagers to fulfill their domestics needs. The aim of this research is to investigate the community participation on spring management at the environment threatened by drought every year in Central Java, Indonesia. A field survey was conducted to interview some key informants related to management pattern applied in the village. We also observed directly the springs condition and land utilization surrounding the catchments area. A community organization which is responsible to protect the water quantity and quality was established to manage Ngureng spring as the main domestic water resources in study area. They manage the rate as well as the time of water usage. Both structural and non-structural protection activities were enforced to keep the water clean. Eventually, a lot of efforts have been shown by the community to minimize water scarcity when the dry season comes, but unfortunately it is only limited to the spring area and there is no land utilization management action yet in whole catchment that could give significant influence to the sustainability of the springs. This result could become a lesson learned related to community protection activities in rural area and hopefully, some improvement step could be taken to reduce the disaster risk in the future.
INTISARI PENDAHULUANKawasan karst merupakan kawasan yang memiliki keunikan bentuk permukaan bumi/eksokarst dan bentuk di dalam bumi/endokarst (Worosuprojo dkk, 1997). Keunikan tersebut terjadi karena proses pelrutan yang terjadi pada batuan yang mudah larut dengan hujan dan karbondioksida (Ford dan Williams, 1992; Adji dkk, 1999;Veni dan DuChene, 2001). Batsan yang lebih jelas tentang kawasan karst disampaikan oleh White (1988) bahwa kawasan karst paling tidak memiliki tiga ciri, yaitu (1) terdapatnya cekungan-cekungan tertutup, (2) jarangnya atau tidak ditemukannya sungai permukaan dan (3) berkembangnya drainase bawah permukaan dan sistem gua.Proses pelarutan di kawasan karst telah menyebabkan terbentuknya lorong-lorong pelarutan. Proses tersebut menyebabkan porositas yang dominan adalah porositas sekunder yang anisotropis (tidak sama ke segala arah). Hal ini menyebabkan batas topografi di bagian permukaan bumi tidak berhubungan dengan batas hirologi dari suatu sungai bawah tanah. Padahal, karakteristik ini begitu penting untuk merencanakan pengelolaan lingkungan pada kawasan karst khususnya sungai bawah tanah dan mataair.Raeisi dan Karami (1997) menyebutkan bahwa sistem aliran di kawasan karst dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu sistem lorong dengan ukuran yang besar (conduit/konduit) dan sistem lorong dengan ukuran yang kecil (diffuse/difus). Meskipun demikian, beberapa ahli seringkali menambahkan sistem difus-konduit atau sistem campuran (Gambar 1). Hal ini didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa konduit merupakan perkembangan dari difus, sehingga dalam perkembangannya pasti melewati tahapan di mana kedua sistem sama-sama
Kendal Regency as Special Economic Zone and Industrial Park is stimulating the rapid coastal urban growth. This condition initiates the high risk of disaster in the northern Central Java. The research aims to model the tidal run-up and spatial inundation distribution using numerical calculation of logical tool-less than equal and to identify the land uses that are affected by the tidal run-up and inundation in the Kendal coastal area. This research conducted by the digital elevation model in 7 m spatial resolution and the highest high-water level (HHWL) data in the one-year analysis. Furthermore, the data processing was run using Less than equal tools. The result showed that the HHWL condition in 2018 reached up to 0.35 m. Considering the HHWL data, the eastern coastal area of the Kendal Regency is massively being affected by the tidal run-up and inundation. The furthest distance of the tidal run-up and inundation reached up to 3.7 km. There are six land uses affected, i.e., built-up area (0.04%), garden (2.01%), dry land (4.89%), grassland (5.09%), a fish pond (41.95%), and paddy field (4.24%).
Discrete data on the response variable can be analyzed using poisson regression. The assumption of equidispersion in poisson regression must be fulfilled, but in practice there are many problems of overdispersion. The negative binomial regression model is used to overcome the problem of overdispersion, but this model is global while in some cases each location has different characteristics. Therefore, a method that considers the effects of spatial heterogeneity is needed. If the response variable is discrete data that is overdispersed and includes spatial effects, a model called Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) is developed. The GWNBR method can be applied in the health sector, such as in stunting. The prevalence of stunting in Malang Regency is still quite high, there is 25.7%. By conducting the GWNBR test, 385 models were obtained, one of them is Tulungrejo Village with factors influencing the incidence of stunting, namely access to permanent healthy latrines, access to posyandu, exclusive breastfeeding, population density and community empowerment. From three weights used, namely the Adaptive Gaussian Kernel, Adaptive Bisquare Kernel and Adaptive Tricube Kernel, the best model was obtained from the Adaptive Bisquare Kernel weighting with the smallest AIC is -211.3763.
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