From the frequencies of the red cell antigens of Caucasians and American Negroes, the possibilities of antigenic exposure from inter and intra‐racial transfusion of blood were calculated. The figures obtained were then modified to take into consideration the relative potency of the individual antigens as well as the behavior of their antibodies. The results lend no support to the alleged advantage of intra‐racial over inter‐racial transfusion, since the order of magnitude of the antibody stimulation risk from all four kinds of transfusion is the same. From the standpoint of patient safety, emphasis should be placed on the performance of a sensitive compatibility test, rather than on a consideration of the racial origin of either the donor or the recipient.
SUMMARY
1. The elctrophoretic pattern of phosphohexose isomerase has been examine in the blood of 3397 unrelated individuals from several different populations groups.
2. Eight variant phenotypes were identinfied and these were designated PHI 2‐1, 3‐1, 4‐1, 5‐11 6‐1, 7‐1, 8‐1, 9‐1. All of these were rare in the populations studied except the variant designated PHI 3‐1, which was observed with a frequency of about 1% in a mixed population of Asiatic Indians.
3. Studies of selected families indicated that the variants occured in individuals who are heterozygous for one or another of a series of rare alleles at an autosomal locus.
4. Studies on the family of a patient that the patient was heterozygous for two different rare alleles at the PHI locus, each associated with reduced PHI activity. The patinet's mother showed the PHI 9‐1 phenotype and his father showed a new phenotype designated PHI 10‐1. The patient's phenotype has been designeated PHI 9‐10.
5. The enzyme appears to be a dimer and in heterozygotes isozymes of hybrid submit compostion as well as isozymes of like subunit compostion are apparently formed.
Soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) has three common phenotypes, each representing the homozygous and heterozygous expression of two alleles, Gpt(1) and Gpt(2) at an autosomal locus. The frequencies of these alleles vary considerably from one population to another.
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