-(Floristic composition and diaspore dispersal syndromes of shrubs and tree species in Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco, Paraná State, Brazil). The present study aimed to describe the floristics and strategies of propagule dispersal, as well as the types of fruits from woody species in a semi-deciduous forest fragment, at Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco, which had suffered selective logging and became a conservation area in 1994. The survey was conducted monthly from October/2007 to July/2009 considering shrubs and woody individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm, resulting in the identification of 99 species and 77 genera distributed in 36 botanical families among the dispersion syndromes, zoochory was the most frequent, represented by 64% of the species, followed by anemochory (23%), and autocory (13%). The most abundant fruit was the capsule type. Comparisions with a previous study made in the same area, highlighted an increase of richness, high turnover of species and higher proportion of dispersed animal species, suggesting a successional advancement of this fragment. Key words: Atlantic Forest, semi-deciduous seasonal forest, southern Brazil, zoochorics species RESUMO -(Florística e síndromes de dispersão de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas no Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco, PR, Brasil). O presente estudo teve por objetivos descrever a florística e as estratégias de dispersão de propágulos, assim como os tipos de frutos das espécies arbustivo-arbóreas em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional, no Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco, onde ocorreu extração seletiva de madeira até se tornar Unidade de Conservação em 1994. O levantamento florístico foi realizado durante os meses de outubro/2007 a julho/2009, considerando os indivíduos arbustivos e arbóreos com DAP ≥ 5 cm, resultando na identificação de 99 espécies e 77 gêneros, distribuídos em 36 famílias botânicas. A síndrome de dispersão mais frequente foi a zoocoria com 64% das espécies, seguida pela anemocoria (23%), e autocoria (13%); e o fruto mais abundante foi do tipo cápsula. As comparações com estudo anterior desenvolvido na área, ressaltaram o aumento na riqueza, grande substituição de espécies e maior proporção de espécies zoocóricas, sugerindo o avanço sucessional desse fragmento. Palavras-chave: espécies zoocóricas, floresta estacional semidecidual, Mata Atlântica, sul do Brasil
We aimed to answer the following questions related to the architecture of individuals 0.5-3.0 m in height belonging to understory or canopy/emergent layer tree species: "Is there a difference between individuals belonging to different strata developing in environments with the same light intensity, in terms of their architecture?"; and "Given the same light intensity, do understory species exhibit less crown plasticity than do canopy/emergent layer species?" Thirteen architectural variables were evaluated in 80 individuals per species. We found that understory species showed greater increases in stem thickness and leaf number, as well as wider, deeper crowns, longer branches, greater self-shading and less crown plasticity. Stems and crowns were more slender in the canopy species than in the understory species. These differences might be due to the trade-off between vertical and lateral growth. Our results indicate that, regardless of the group to which they belong, species are best able to take advantage of light conditions in the understory of the forest. However, because they demand more light, canopy species showed a growth form that resulted in an architecture that is likely to enable better light capture in the understory.
ABSTRACT. Different species of plants can act as environmental filters affecting the composition, structure and spatial distribution of seeds and seedlings of forest species. This study aimed to examine whether the presence of the fern stratum acts as a biotic environmental filter on the woody species seedling bank in a semi-deciduous forest remnant (Atlantic biome), Southern Brazil. Two experiments were developed in areas with ferns (F) and ferns-free (NF): a) richness and abundance of woody seedling bank were determined in 10 plots (25 m 2 ) in each area; b) seedlings abundance of Actinostemon concolor (Spreng.) Müll. Arg., Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg., Euterpe edulis Mart., Guarea kunthiana A. Juss. and Inga marginata Kunth were monitored for a year in three areas F, NF and an area with ferns whose fronds were cut (CF). In this experiment, it was used five plots (4 m 2 ) in each area. The abundance of seedlings (considering all species) was higher in F areas and ferns positively and negatively affected the abundance of A. polyneuron and G. kunthiana, respectively. It is possible to conclude that ferns worked as a selective environmental filter for some woody species.
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