BackgroundDengue virus, which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is the most important emerging viral disease, infecting more than 50 million people annually. Currently used sticky traps are useful tools for monitoring and control of A. aegypti, despite differences in efficiency, labor requirements and cost. In the present work, a field assay was carried out to evaluate the performance of a sticky trap (AedesTrap), produced using disposable material, in capturing gravid Aedes spp. females. Additionally, conditions necessary for the improved performance of the device, such as number of traps per site and location (indoors or outdoors) were evaluated.MethodsDuring a one year period, traps were placed in a dengue endemic area in 28 day cycles. The trap, named AedesTrap, consisted of a disposable plastic soda bottle coated inside with colophony resin, which served as a sticky substrate. Disposable bottles were donated by restaurants, and traps were made by laboratory staff, reducing the cost of the sticky trap (less than U$3). Mosquito capture in indoor and outdoor areas was compared by placing the traps in laundry room, kitchen or bedroom (indoors) and front or back yard (outdoors). The relationship between the number of AedesTraps and quantity of captured mosquitoes was investigated by utilizing one or three traps/site.ResultsDuring a 28 day cycle, a single AedesTrap was capable of capturing up to 15 A. aegypti in a house, with a mean capture of 0.5 to 2.63 females per premise. The AedesTrap collected three times more outdoors versus indoors. Similarly, the capability of detecting Aedes spp. infestation, and of capturing females, was three times higher when using three AedesTraps per house, compared with one trap per house.ConclusionsAedesTrap was shown to be capable of capturing A. aegypti and other culicidae, providing information on the adult mosquito population, and allowing the identification of areas critically infested by mosquitoes. Low requirements for skilled labor together with easy maintenance and low cost are additional advantages of using this sticky trap.
-The present study investigates new sources of infusion as an oviposition attractant for Aedes aegypti L. Infusions with fetid and non-fetid odors were compared as an oviposition stimulant. Traps baited with infusions of dehydrated cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale), potato peels (Solanum tuberosum) and graminea (Panicum maximum) were compared as attractants, and the effect of odor (fetid and unfetid) on attractiveness was tested. Oviposition activity changed signifi cantly according to the concentration and type of infusion (F = 4.1279; gl = 2; P = 0.0231). A larger number of eggs were observed in cups containing 50% A. occidentale (non-fetid odor) and 30% P. maximum (fetid odor). When compared in the same cage, comparable oviposition was found between A. occidentale and P. maximum. Moreover, approximately 20% more eggs were recorded in the infusion without odor when compared to the grass infusion and water. These fi ndings suggest A. occidentale as a new stimulant for use in ovitraps for Aedes surveillance and control, with the benefi t of having an agreeable odor.KEY WORDS: Attractive, mosquito, posture, ovitrap Epidemiologically, gravid females are the most important component of the mosquito population and are targeted in mosquito reduction programs and in the active surveillance of disease for the early detection of epidemic events (Macielde-Freitas et al 2008a). Mosquito egg traps (ovitrap) are a current trend as integral components of surveillance efforts, contributing to control efforts and monitoring of mosquito populations in countries with endemic dengue fever. This method was proven effective in detecting early infestations of Aedes aegypti L., particularly when density is low and larval indices are not good indicators (Braga et al 2000, Morato et al 2005. It is also useful in indicating critical areas for control activities (Masuh et al 2008, Regis et al 2008.There is a consensus regarding the use of organic infusions to achieve a better ovitrap performance. Most studies have used infusions of hay (Reiter et al 1991, Chadee et al 1993, Maciel-de-Freitas et al 2008b, white-oak leaf (Ponnusamy et al 2008, Trexler et al 1998, mixed grass (Regis et al 2008) and Panicum maximum (Sant'ana et al 2006, Gama et al 2007. The association of grass infusion, Eleusine indica, with the biological larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in the fi eld has also been used (Santos et al 2003), offering the advantage of a long-term duration of traps in the wild. Recent efforts have been made to identify potential synthetic oviposition attractants/repellents for mosquitoes using certain fatty acids and esters from grass infusions (Sant'ana et al 2006) and egg extracts of A. aegypti as oviposition attractants (Ganesan et al 2006). However, different types and concentrations of organic detritus lead to variations in the abundance and types of microorganisms (Yee & Juliano 2006, Murrel & Juliano 2008, which could, in turn, infl uence the potential attraction of the infusion. Thus, the most appropriate org...
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