The aromatic and medicinal properties of Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) are related to the unique essential oil chemistry in different cultivars. This study describes efficient micropropagation and in vitro flowering protocols from shoot tips and reveals information on seed germination capability, glandular trichomes ultrastructure, and essential oil content and composition at different plant developmental stages from micropropagated O. basilicum 'Sweet Thai', chemotype methyl chavicol. Shoot tips from 2-mo-old aseptic seedlings were induced to proliferate shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA 3) either alone or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Maximum shoot formation was achieved in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L −1 BAP. The micropropagated plants were successfully acclimatized ex vitro with an 80% survival rate. All of the micropropagated plants flowered in vitro on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L −1 GA 3. Relative to the mother plant, in vitro plants flowered at a younger stage of plant development but showed a lack of seed formation, fewer fully filled peltate glandular trichomes, lower essential oil content, and higher methyl chavicol content. Ex vitro plants flowered at an intermediate stage of plant development and formed seed with nearly the same seed germinability, essential oil content, and methyl chavicol content as the mother plant.
Abstract-In order to compare variation and relations among yield and quality traits of three forage species, 9 superior varieties of sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), were assessed using complete block design with three replications. Results of ANOVA showed significant differences (p<0.01) among species in all factors. Although, the highest average values of 14.37 and 8.23 ton ha -1 Dry Matter (DM) yield were obtained for the foxtail and proso millet, respectively, sainfoin was significantly premier in important traits such as crude protein, dry matter digestibility and crude fiber. Combined phenotypic correlation between DM yield with both water soluble carbohydrates and crude protein were negatively significant, whereas its relationship with crude fiber was negative. Using principal component analysis, the first four independent components with values more than 1.0 accounted for 91% of total variation. Based on ward cluster analysis, 9 varieties were divided into 3 groups. Totally, distribution of populations on the first two component scores was in agreement with cluster analysis.Index Terms-Forage yield, quality traits, correlation, PCA and cluster analysis.
The variation in volatile components (terpenes) in n-hexane extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and two regenerated plants was investigated. The new derivative plants were regenerated from multiple shoots using plant hormones 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) from nodal segments. The main components in the in vivo plants were shown to be γ-terpinene and o-cymene (66.95 and 17.84, respectively). The in vitro regenerated plants exhibited high levels of α-phellandrene (36.58 %, 39.23 %) followed by o-cymene (16.87 %, 17.35 %). The results suggested that the in vitro culture can be used to produce variants in the essential oil compositions of plants such as E. camaldulensis Dehn.
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