For decades, The rentier state theory has provided the most popular explanations for the sociopolitical dynamics in the Arab Gulf states, however, due to the rapid transformations in the Gulf societies in recent years, the theory went under severe critiques especially after its failure to predict the emergence of a new Gulf social contract after the oil crisis of 2014. This essay has tried to shed the light on one of the missing dimensions of these critiques by arguing that this failure might have occurred because the rentier state theory adhered to an obsolete epistemological paradigm of modernity that was incapable of dealing with such a complex social phenomenon from the beginning. Also, seeking epistemic healing, the essay highlighted the most recent shift in the philosophy of science toward a complexity paradigm and referred to its potentials to exceed the limits of the rentier paradigm.
The confluence of power transitions in the international system and energy transitions in the global market presents a complex and multifaceted landscape for world developments and policies, particularly for the energy-dependent countries of the Arab Gulf states. To understand this reciprocal effect, this paper provides a review of the existing academic literature on the geopolitical implications of the global energy transition towards low-carbon renewable energy sources, both globally and in the Arab Gulf states. The paper concludes that despite the growing interest from scholars, particularly in recent years, and the multitude of investigations undertaken to examine the potential implications of climate change and renewable energy on various regions worldwide, a significant challenge has emerged in the form of inconsistencies and disagreements among these studies. This can be attributed to the overgeneralization of research findings, which often neglects to define the temporal and spatial scope of influence, as well as failing to identify both the source and the affected party of the effect. These four factors are crucial in determining the nature of the geopolitical impact of the global energy transition. Therefore, we believe that there is a serious necessity to synthesize the scattered parts presented by these studies into multicoherent frameworks that clearly define these four points.
Throughout history, civilizations have served as the highest level of human progress, and just like countries, empires or societies, they have always been prone to rise and fall. As a result, attempts to understand their dynamics, formation, and decline have been significantly important for sociologists, politicians, anthropologists and historians, both recently and in the past. One of those was the Islamic scholar Abdurrahman Ibn Khaldun, who tried in his book "Muqaddimah" to explain the rise and fall of states, and despite the uniqueness and distinction of his proposition, Ibn Khaldun's contributions confined to the temporal-spatial context that Ibn Khaldun tried to explore, and his theory has not been developed to explain the civilizational dynamics, especially the Islamic civilization. This matter has been noticed by Malik Bennabi, who succeeded in making remarkably systematic contributions to the topic. Through relying on the psycho-sociological essence of Ibn Khaldun's theory. So that, this paper attempts to present some insights from psycho-sociological approach of Malik Bennabi in explaining the rise and fall of civilizations, compared to some Western theories that have addressed the relative topics.
The confluence of power transitions in the international system and energy transitions in the global market presents a complex and multifaceted landscape for world developments and policies, particularly for the energy-dependent countries of the Arab Gulf states. To understand this reciprocal effect, this paper provides a review of the existing academic literature on the geopolitical implications of the global energy transition towards low-carbon renewable energy sources, both globally and in the Arab Gulf states. The paper concludes that despite the growing interest from scholars, particularly in recent years, and the multitude of investigations undertaken to examine the potential implications of climate change and renewable energy on various regions worldwide, a significant challenge has emerged in the form of inconsistencies and disagreements among these studies. This can be attributed to the over-generalization of research findings, which often neglects to define the temporal and spatial scope of influence, as well as failing to identify both the source and the affected party of the effect. These four factors are crucial in determining the nature of the geopolitical impact of the global energy transition. Therefore, we believe that there is a serious necessity to synthesize the scattered parts presented by these studies into multicoherent frameworks that clearly define these four points.
This paper sheds the lights on the ideas of Ibn Khaldūn in conjunction with the thoughts of Malik ibn Nabi on the rise and fall of powers and posits that the psycho-sociological analysis of Ibn Khaldūn can be applied to the rise and fall of the contemporary political powers. the paper argues that this validity stems from the comprehensiveness of the Ibn Khaldūn analysis which explains how the political power generates from the stage of the idea, flowing to the stage of states, reaching ultimately to the civilization which is the most progress status sought by any power. by combing the ideas of these two scholars, this paper proposes what can be called the “Neo-Khaldūnian” approach to study the rise and fall of the powers in the modern world.
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