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Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are two pathogens with an important power of adaptation to antibiotics thus, both pose a real public health problem. Our study investigated epidemiological characteristics, antibiotic sensitivity profile and resistance genes of imipenem resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. This was a retrospective study carried out in the bacteriology laboratory of Mohammed V military training hospital, spanning from January 2018 to April 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility was studied by Mueller Hilton agar diffusion method with OXOID® type antibiotic discs and interpreted according to the recommendations of EUCAST 2021. Carbapenemase detection was performed by CarbaNP-test®. The molecular study was performed using conventional PCR. During the study period, we collected 1,072 imipenem-resistant isolates namely, 820 A. baumannii and 252 P. aeruginosa. The molecular study showed that out of 108 A. baumannii isolates 102 carried the bla OXA-51 and 100 isolates carried the bla OXA-23 gene. The coexistence of bla OXA-23 and bla NDM genes was detected in only 4 isolates. Altogether 50% of P. aeruginosa strains carried bla VIM-2. All investigated A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa strains were colistin susceptible in this study. Multiresistant bacterial infections are associated with longer hospitalization, higher hospital costs and higher mortality rates. Therefore, a collective action including the different actors of the healthcare system is necessary.

Objective. The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is a major concern that is increasingly reported worldwide. Our study aimed at investigating the resistance of CPE isolates in a Moroccan teaching hospital using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Methods. Enterobacterales strains from March to June 2018 were collected from different clinical samples. The Enterobacterales isolates resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) and/or carbapenems were subjected to the Carba NP test and an immunochromatographic test for phenotypic detection. Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was also performed following standards. Molecular screening of carbapenemases genes (OXA-48, NDM, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaOXA-24, blaOXA-23, OXA-51, OXA-58) using conventional multiplex PCR assays was also performed on 143 isolates. Results. Enterobacterales represented 52.7% with a proportion of 21.8% of bacteria resistant to 3GC and/or carbapenems. Within 143 isolates MDR to 3GC, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and E. cloacae represent 53.1%, 40.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. These strains were isolated mainly from urinary samples (74.8%) in patients admitted to emergency and surgical units. 81.1% of strains are producing ESBL and 29% are carbapenemase producers as confirmed by the Carba NP test, immunochromatographic test, and molecular testing. OXA-48 carriers represent 83.3% of these strains, followed by NDM with 16.7%. blaKPC, blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaOXA-24, blaOXA-23, OXA-51, OXA-58 were not detected in any of these bacteria. Conclusions. A high rate of CPE carrying OXA-48 among Enterobacterales resistant to 3GC and/or carbapenems isolates was found. Strict observance of hospital hygiene measures and more rational use of antibiotics are mandatory. Implantation of carbapenemases detection should be encouraged in our hospital settings to estimate the true burden of the CPE.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In Morocco, the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) has become a major challenge. Here, we announce the draft genome sequences of two Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, MTB1 and MTB2, isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Morocco, to describe variants associated with drug resistance.

Introduction : Acinetobacter spp is a non-fermenting and ubiquitous Gram-negative coccobacillus, which is in recent years the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Our objective is to study the epidemiology and risk factors associated with Acinetobacter baumannii infections in the intensive care units. Methods:  This retrospective case-control study was conducted collaboratively between the Medical Bacteriology Department and the two Intensive Care Units of the Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V-Rabat over a 3-month period. Results: We included 180 patients, out of which 60 had Acinetobacter baumannii infection. We observed a male predominance in both matched groups, with a sex ratio of 1.6. The median age was 67 years IQR [59.5-77]. The median length of stay in the intensive care units before infection was 8.5days IQR [5-14]. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis identified the risk factors statistically associated with Acinetobacter baumannii infection at the intensive care units level as follows: duration of invasive procedures˃ 7days(OR=1. 02), parenteral nutrition(OR=3.514), mechanical ventilation (OR=3.024), imipenem (OR=18.72), colistin(OR=5.645), probabilistic antibiotic therapy ˃4days (OR=9.063) and neoplastic pathology(OR=5.727). Conclusion:  Based on our results, it can be inferred that shortening the duration of stay in the resuscitation setting, implementing rational use of medical devices, and optimizing antibiotic therapy could decrease the incidence of these infections.

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