The microscopic age changes that occur in human cortical bone were measured by counting the number of osteones, osteon fragments and non‐Haversian canals, and estimating the percentage of lamellar bone in four selected 100 power fields in the outer third of the cortex in ground sections from the mid‐shaft of the femur, tibia and fibula. Age graphs were derived from 126 specimens covering the age range from birth through 95 years. The best correlation with age by regression analysis was found in the osteon fragment number in the fibula (ρ = 9.74). The use of the regression formula for this factor permits the age to be estimated within ± ten years of the actual age 95% of the time.An alternative method utilizes a specially devised profile chart to estimate age from the age change graphs. When this method was checked on 56 additional specimens, 87.3% of the estimates were within ± five years of the actual age, and all estimates were within ± ten years.It was concluded that there are measurable microscopic age changes in the cortex of the major long bones of the leg that can be used to estimate the age of an individual with known accuracy over the entire range from birth to 95 years. This method can be applied to fragmented and incomplete skeletons as well as eroded archeologic skeletons, since only the mid‐shafts of leg bones are used.
Problems recently discovered in the Kerley method of estimating age at death from cortical microstructure are discussed. Kerley's original data have been re-analyzed to produce new regression equations and to document the original field size.
probably, cool circumstellar clouds that may be planetary systems in an early stage of formation.The work on infrared stars has shown that the dark nebulas of the Milky Way are indeed extremely opaque. In fact, some of the clouds absorb so much of the light of the stars beyond that we would consider them to be completely opaque, for all earthly purposes. And there is every reason to suppose that even denser interstellar clouds are yet to be discovered.Not only do the dark nebulas of the probably, cool circumstellar clouds that may be planetary systems in an early stage of formation. The work on infrared stars has shown that the dark nebulas of the Milky Way are indeed extremely opaque. In fact, some of the clouds absorb so much of the light of the stars beyond that we would consider them to be completely opaque, for all earthly purposes. And there is every reason to suppose that even denser interstellar clouds are yet to be discovered.Not only do the dark nebulas of the Milky Way obstruct our view of the distant stars but we have reason to believe that, given propitious circumstances, they can be the spawning places for stars. In an early stage of their development, young stars are imbedded in the interstellar matter from which they were born and are surrounded by "left-over" circumstellar clouds which in time will become planetary systems. If our interpretations are correct, a large percentage of solar-type stars have planetary systems; perhaps some of them are similar to our own.Milky Way obstruct our view of the distant stars but we have reason to believe that, given propitious circumstances, they can be the spawning places for stars. In an early stage of their development, young stars are imbedded in the interstellar matter from which they were born and are surrounded by "left-over" circumstellar clouds which in time will become planetary systems. If our interpretations are correct, a large percentage of solar-type stars have planetary systems; perhaps some of them are similar to our own.
This paperback manual appears to have been written primarily for police crime scene investigators who might be faced with the task of recovering human skeletal material for possible criminal investigation. As such it will probably be useful in making crime scene investigators and police in general more aware of the problems that can arise subsequent to inadequate search and recovery efforts and the methods that are optimum for human skeletal recovery. It will also serve to explain the need for meticulous recovery practices and the kinds of information that can be expected from forensic anthropologists if such procedures are followed.
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