Heart valve diseases (HVDs) arise from a number of different processes that affect both the structure and function of the valve apparatus. Despite diverse aetiologies, treatments for HVDs are limited to percutaneous or surgical interventions. The search for medical therapies to prevent or slow the progression of HVDs has been hampered by our poor understanding of the progression from subclinical to symptomatic phases, and our limited knowledge of the molecular signals that control the susceptibility of valve interstitial cells to pathological remodeling. Clinical evidence has suggested a link between certain neurotransmitters and valvular diseases of the heart. The fenfluramine-phentermine appetite suppressants popular in the 1980s were linked to mitral valve dysfunction, and ergot-derived dopamine agonists for Parkinson's disease have been associated with an increased risk of mitral and aortic valve regurgitation. The effect does not appear to be limited to medications, as valvular pathologies have also been observed in patients with carcinoid tumours of serotonin-producing enterochromaffin cells. The role of neurotransmitter molecules in valve pathology has not been adequately characterized and may represent a target for future medical therapies. Here we present current evidence from both clinical and basic science suggesting a link between neurotransmitters and HVDs, opening the door to future research in this area.
Dalfampridine is a drug used to improve walking in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Approved in 2010, it is contraindicated in patients who have a history of seizures and/or renal disease. In this case report, we present a patient who did not have either of these contraindications yet had a seizure episode with the only contributing factor being the use of dalfampridine.
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