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Purpose Value has been conceptualized as the result of co-creation involving service firms and customers. Currently, however, little is known about why and how customers engage in value co-creation with a service firm. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of co-production in value co-creation in the context of banking services from the customers’ viewpoint. The literature has consistently examined the linear effects of trust and decision-making uncertainty on co-production. The study extends this research stream by considering the negative quadratic effects of trust and decision-making uncertainty on co-production. Therefore, this study not only examines the linear and negative quadratic effects of trust and decision-making uncertainty on co-production within a single, simultaneous model but also tests the effect of co-production on value co-creation. Moreover, this study includes and explores the moderating effects of service innovativeness and service effort on co-production in determining value co-creation. Design/methodology/approach The hierarchical moderated regression was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The findings support the positive linear effects and negative quadratic effects among trust, decision-making uncertainty and co-production. Meanwhile, the results indicate that co-production positively affect value co-creation. Service innovativeness and service effort enhance the effect of co-production on value co-creation. Originality/value This study shows the presence of the opportunity of trust and decision-making uncertainty, which confirms the existing literature, and the challenge of trust and decision-making uncertainty, which extends the literature. This study is the first one to shed light on the negative quadratic effects of trust and decision-making uncertainty on co-production. This study also offers insights into value co-creation and thus enhances the current understanding of value phenomena. Academics and practitioners would greatly benefit from a comprehensive understanding of co-production and the associated value co-creation for the parties involved.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the effect, if any, of family ownership and busy boards on companies’ Tobin’s Q and cash holdings in France. Design/methodology/approach – Using a multiple regression analysis for panel data, the author investigate the impacts of being family-owned and of multiple directorships on cash holdings and then on Tobin’s. Findings – Family ownership seems to have no significant effect. The most significant finding is that family-owned companies are smaller and work in the manufacturing and construction sectors compared to non-family-owned companies. However, multiple directorship is not negatively related to firm performance in France. Research limitations/implications – The current study focusses solely on France, which, even though different from the more usual American perspective, is not enough to make broad generalizations. It is however, a useful step toward better understanding the issues at hand. International data on family firms and busy boards, while hard to come by, would further enhance the knowledge of corporate governance. Originality/value – It is interesting to know if family-owned companies and those with multiple directorships perform differently from others, especially in a context where organizations can choose between a one-tier or two-tier system of governance, as is the case in France.

PurposeCo-production is an important process that alters value creation and improves the relationships between service providers and their customers. Such practice allows customers and service employees to access and leverage resources residing in their relationships. Clearly, the marketing-related literature focuses on the bright side of co-production. Nevertheless, the costs and potential negative consequences associated with its dark side must be further investigated. Therefore, this study aims to present a conceptual framework that explores the relationships among co-production, co-production enjoyment, co-production intensity, service effort, and job stress, and their effects on value co-creation, value co-destruction and customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted on the basis of dyadic data; the process incorporates both the customer and the corresponding service employee into a single unit of analysis. The proposed model was tested by using a structural equation model that involves LISREL analyses.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that co-production influences co-production enjoyment, co-production intensity, service effort, and job stress. Co-production enjoyment and service effort increase value co-creation, whereas co-production intensity and job stress increase value co-destruction. Value co-creation and value co-destruction have different effects on customer satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study addresses the gap in the extant research and contributes to a better understanding of the double-sided effects of co-production by integrating employees and customers into a single dyadic and comprehensive model.

This study used 23 factors (eight interval variables and 15 dummy variables) as proxies for health depreciation. We used 1248 older adults from the Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (Taiwan) to examine the association among frailty, health depreciation, and mortality in older adults. This study found that a significant positive correlation existed between frailty and mortality in older adults. Further, we applied a recursive bivariate probit model to examine the association between health depreciation factors, frailty, and mortality. Our results showed that health depreciation factors, such as Charlson’s comorbidity index, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, significantly increased older adults’ frailty; in contrast, albumin and mini nutritional assessment significantly decreased older adults’ frailty. Through the frailty regression, we confirmed not only that health depreciation factors significantly influenced mortality, but also that creatinine, myocardial infarction, and malignant tumors could directly and significantly increase older adults’ mortality.