Schistosomiasis is a freshwater parasitic disease caused by infection with the trematode of the genus Schistosoma. The common species of Schistosoma that affect humans are the Schistosoma haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni. The clinical manifestations of Schistosoma are determined by causal factors, which include the type of Schistosoma, period of infection, host-specific factors that influence the activity to the worm eggs, and access to treatment. A 51-year-old woman who is a known HIV type 1 positive patient for the past 18years and is on antiretroviral therapy presents to the clinic with a year history of vulva itching. On examination of the vulva is a clean base ulcer that measures 5x3cm with raised edges. Investigation shows normal Full blood count and blood urea nitrogen. Her viral load has decreased from 45,460 in 2018 to 201 viral copies in 2020. The pathologist received a skin wedge biopsy measuring 3.5x2x1.5 cm of greyish white with dark brown areas. Sections of the tissue showed an ulcerated skin with a heavily mixed inflammatory infiltrate mainly of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. A diagnosis of Vulva Schistosomiasis was made. The patient was treated with Praziquantel and the ulcer is healing. It is therefore recommended that there should be adequate distribution of praziquantel in Schistosoma endemic areas to help reduce and prevents schistosomiasis. Again, there should be regular provision of praziquantel living with HIV ( preventive chemotherapy) who stays in Schistosoma endemic areas.

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Background:  Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique heterogenous subtypes of breast cancer which is characterized by negative estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) status. TNBC displays different molecular phenotype with which basal-like tumour can be identified using high molecular weight basal cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6). Methods: Ninety-five (95) formalin fixed cases from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana’s (KBTH) archives were sampled in a retrospective study from 2012-2016. Blocks of these triple-negative breast cancer was subclassified using CK5/6 and Androgen Receptor (AR) antibodies. Subclasses were also identified. Results and Conclusion: In all ninety-five (95) TNBC cases, hormonal subtyping was sub-classified using CK 5/6 and AR. The mean ±SD of these cases was recorded as 53.96 (±13.56) years and the age range of these cases was 22-104 years. The average size (±SD) of the tumour was recorded to be 14.43(±7.62) and it had a range of 2.4-45cm. lymph nodes retrieved also had a mean ± SD of 10.35(±6.05) with an average tumour lymph nodes involvement of 2.6(± 3.697). Invasive Ductal carcinoma was identified as the commonest histologic type of TNBC with approximately 95% of the cases. This was followed by invasive lobular (2.1%), medullary carcinoma (2.1%) and metaplastic carcinoma (1.1%). Approximately 30% of TNBC stained positive for CK5/6. It can however be concluded that, most TNBC are not basal-like when the basal marker CK5/6 is used.