Highlights• Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease.• Review of RCTs of effects of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function/inflammation.• 8/29 studies reported improvements in the endothelial/inflammatory parameters measured.• This review does not support use of vitamin D as a preventative measure for CVD.
AbstractThis systematic review aims to evaluate randomised controlled trials (
Objective
The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a vitamin D food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessment of dietary vitamin D intake in healthy adults in England, UK.
Design:
The current study assessed the agreement between a four-day food diary (4d-FD) and a new vitamin D FFQ to measure dietary intake of vitamin D. Dietary intake was estimated using Nutritics dietary analysis software and Spearman’s and Bland-Altman tests were utilised to assess correlation and agreement, respectively. Participants also provided a blood sample for plasma analysis of vitamin D concentrations.
Setting:
Home setting.
Participants:
Fifty participants were recruited to the study from the University of Chester and vicinity.
Results:
Results showed a strong correlation between vitamin D intake recorded by the FFQ and the 4d-FD (r = 0.609; P < 0.0001) within 95% limits of agreement. Furthermore, a significant correlation between plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and vitamin D intake measured by the FFQ (r = 0.290, P = 0.041) and the 4d-FD (r = 0.360, P = 0.01) was observed.
Conclusion:
Our analysis suggests this FFQ is a useful and rapid tool for researchers and health professionals to assess vitamin D dietary intakes in healthy adults in the UK.
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