Landslides are one of the main causes of death caused by disasters in the world. In this study, methodologies to measure landslide costs and to assess vulnerability are presented, with the objective of applying them to landslide risk analyses. The methodologies were applied in a region of Serra do Mar, which is crossed by a highway. The analyses and mappings were implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Through the application of the methodology that considers both direct and indirect costs in the composition of total cost, it was established how much an m2 of a landslide would cost. The composition of direct costs encompassed the damages related to restoration or construction of the highways, infrastructures, unpaved roads, residential and commercial buildings, vegetal cover and agricultural areas. In indirect costs, the economic losses by victims, highway interdiction, and agricultural area profitability were calculated. In the methodology for vulnerability assessment, bodily injuries, structural damages, and functional disturbances resulted from landslides were analyzed. The risk assessment was performed through the junction of the maps of total cost, vulnerability and susceptibility. The results indicate that indirect costs were predominant in cost composition, corresponding to 87% of total costs, in comparison to 13% of the direct costs, stressing the importance of considering indirect costs in economic measurement studies. As a result, it is possible to conclude that studying landslide consequences as economic parameters supports the increasing need of performing risk quantitative analyses. It is also prudent to add that these studies help decision makers in projects of disaster risk mitigation strategies, by allowing the identification of regions with greater economic impacts in case of landslide occurrence.
In the last decades, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters in Brazil has increased, resulting in substantial economic, environmental, and social damage. Knowing the specific vulnerabilities of populations exposed to risks reflects on their disaster preparedness, response, and recovery capacities. However, social vulnerability studies in Brazil are still incipient. This study developed a Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) for the Ribeira Medium Valley to fill this gap. The region is highly susceptible to landslides, and is one of the most impoverished and underdeveloped regions of the state of São Paulo, with a predominantly rural population. The index was composed by selecting 30 variables from 373 census sectors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to extract seven principal components, accounting for 71.64% of the data variability. The obtained SoVI scores were mapped and subsequently applied in a risk analysis. The most vulnerable municipalities were identified, and each vulnerability component's spatial distribution was visualized. It was also noted that the areas most vulnerable to landslides are also the most socially vulnerable. The results of this study can steer the government towards actions aimed at reducing social vulnerability. They may also help in developing disaster risk mitigation strategies.
O presente estudo aborda o crescimento populacional das pequenas e médias cidades e seus impactos na mobilidade urbana do município, bem como a relevância da elaboração por parte da gestão pública de um plano diretor de mobilidade que vise suprir as demandas que surgem desse processo. O trabalho foi elaborado através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica com contribuições significativas, procurando enfatizar a importância da utilização de outros meios de transportes, em substituição ao transporte individual motorizado, reduzindo- se dessa forma os congestionamentos, impactos ambientais e acidentes de trânsito. Concluiu -se que há uma necessidade por parte da gestão pública da elaboração de políticas de mobilidade levando-se em consideração o crescimento populacional e suas resultantes nos sistemas de transportes juntamente com as necessidades dos munícipes.
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