Aim The aim of this study is to discuss the available methodological resources and best‐practice guidelines for the development and completion of scoping reviews relevant to nursing and midwifery policy, practice, and research. Design Discussion Paper. Data Sources Scoping reviews that exemplify best practice are explored with reference to the recently updated JBI scoping review guide (2020) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Scoping Review extension (PRISMA‐ScR). Implications for nursing and midwifery Scoping reviews are an increasingly common form of evidence synthesis. They are used to address broad research questions and to map evidence from a variety of sources. Scoping reviews are a useful form of evidence synthesis for those in nursing and midwifery and present opportunities for researchers to review a broad array of evidence and resources. However, scoping reviews still need to be conducted with rigour and transparency. Conclusion This study provides guidance and advice for researchers and clinicians who are preparing to undertake an evidence synthesis and are considering a scoping review methodology in the field of nursing and midwifery. Impact With the increasing popularity of scoping reviews, criticism of the rigour, transparency, and appropriateness of the methodology have been raised across multiple academic and clinical disciplines, including nursing and midwifery. This discussion paper provides a unique contribution by discussing each component of a scoping review, including: developing research questions and objectives; protocol development; developing eligibility criteria and the planned search approach; searching and selecting the evidence; extracting and analysing evidence; presenting results; and summarizing the evidence specifically for the fields of nursing and midwifery. Considerations for when to select this methodology and how to prepare a review for publication are also discussed. This approach is applied to the disciplines of nursing and midwifery to assist nursing and/or midwifery students, clinicians, researchers, and academics.
AimsTo define the burden of group B Streptococcal disease in infants younger than 90 days in 2014–2015; their clinical presentation; the frequency of established risk factors; the mortality and short-term complication rates (at hospital discharge); the responsible serotypes and their distribution. In addition, to compare these parameters to those of the previous national surveillance in 2000–2001.MethodsProspective, enhanced, active surveillance was undertaken through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU), microbiology reference laboratories and national public health agencies.Cases were identified by paediatricians and microbiologists. Paediatricians reporting a case were asked to complete a questionnaire. Microbiologists were encouraged to report cases through established routine laboratory reporting systems, and to submit all invasive GBS isolates to the relevant Reference Units. Surveillance was then enhanced by reconciling data from the clinicians and laboratory reports with referred isolates. Referral of isolates was further optimised through direct contact with all microbiology departments.ResultsIn the 13 months from April 2014 817 cases were identified (incidence 0.89/1000 live births, 95% CI; 0.87–0.91). The incidence for early-onset (EO) disease was 0.54/1000 (0.51–0.57), and for late-onset (LO) disease 0.36/1000 (0.33–0.39).Clinical information is currently available for 77% of cases. Serotype information is available for 46% of cases. Of those cases where gestation is available, 21% of EO cases and 40% of LO cases were in infants born prematurely.36% of EO cases where information is available had one or more risk factors present at or before delivery.There were 147 meningitis cases (55 EO, 92 LO).38 infants died (4.7%); 16 were EO cases and 22 were LO.ConclusionSince the national surveillance of 2000–2001 there has been a significant increase in the incidence of invasive GBS disease in all five British Isles countries. There has been a proportionately greater increase in the incidence of LO disease; however the increase was also evident for EO incidence, despite the presence of national prevention guidelines. New strategies for preventing GBS in this age group are urgently required.
Aim: To identify how patient journey mapping is being undertaken and reported.Design: A scoping review of the literature was undertaken using JBI guidance.
Simulated patients (SPs) are increasingly used in health education and research. The aim of this article was to investigate templates and protocols that enable SPs to accurately and consistently adopt these roles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guided the search strategy for articles that detailed such templates or protocols. Embase Classic + Embase, ProQuest ERIC, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMCare, psycINFO, and Scopus were searched, and 17 articles were included in the review. The templates and protocols that were located differed in structure, length, and depth and were developed or used in medical, nursing, allied health, and veterinary medicine disciplines. The validity, reliability, and replicability of studies are explored, and the quality of reporting is evaluated using the Simulation Research Rubric. Recommendations for increasing the rigor of programs and the reporting of research where SPs are adopted are considered.
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