Coronary angiography is considered to be the gold standard in the morphological evaluation of coronary artery stenosis. The morphological assessment of the severity of a coronary lesion is very subjective. Thus, the invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement represents the current standard for estimation of the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis. The FFR-guided revascularization strategy was initially classified as a Class-IA-recommendation in the 2014 European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Both the Deferral vs Performance of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Functionally Non-Significant Coronary Stenosis and Flow Reserve vs Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation studies showed no treatment advantage for hemodynamically insignificant stenoses. With the help of FFR (and targeted interventions), clinical results could be improved; however, the use in clinical practice is still limited due to the need of adenosine administration and a significant prolongation of the length of the procedure. Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR®) is a new innovative approach for the determination of the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenosis, which can be obtained at rest without the use of vasodilators. Regarding the periprocedural complications as well as prognosis, iFR® showed non-inferiority to FFR in the SWEDEHEART and DEFINE-FLAIR trials. Furthermore, iFR®, enhanced by iFR®-pullback, provides the possibility to display the iFR®-change over the course of the vessel to create a hemodynamic map.

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Background Sexually transmitted infections, specifically Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), may be associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. The association between CT and EOC subtypes is unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether history of CT and other infections (M. genitalium (MG), herpes simplex virus type 2, and human papillomaviruses) are associated with EOC risk by histotype. Methods We measured antibodies (Ab) to CT, MG, HSV2, and HPV-16 and 18 in serum samples in a nested case-control study in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (n= 484 cases 1:1 matched to controls). Logistic Regression was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals [CIs] in seropositive vs. seronegative individuals in all cases, as well as serous (n=249), clear cell and endometrioid (n=91), and mucinous (n=142) EOC. Results CT-seropositivity was not associated with EOC risk (e.g., CT pGP3-Ab RR=0.92 [0.72- 1.19]), regardless of disease subtype. We observed a positive association between MG-seropositivity and mucinous EOC (RR=1.66 [1.09-2.54]; p­het_histotype≤0.001), but not other subtypes. No associations were observed with seropositivity to multiple STIs. Conclusions CT infection was not associated with EOC risk, with associations observed only for MG and mucinous EOC. Mechanisms linking MG to mucinous EOC remain to be elucidated.